A versatile, cost-effective, and flexible wearable biosensor for <i>in situ</i> and <i>ex situ</i> sweat analysis, and personalized nutrition assessment

Zhang, Zhong; Azizi, Mohammad; Lee, Michelle; Davidowsky, Philip; Lawrence, Peter; Abbaspourrad, Alireza

doi:10.1039/c9lc00734b

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Current research confirms that employing flexible, biocompatible microfluidic devices is desirable to facilitate sweat capture and measurement of sweat rate, avoid sweat evaporation, dilution, as well as, contamination from skin. [ 130–133 ] To directly harvest sweat from the skin for analysis, Koh et al. designed a soft, closed microfluidic system for capturing and routing sweat to different microchannels, and reservoirs via action of the sweat glands, capillary effects in the microchannels and internal materials ( Figure ).…”

Section: Construction Of Wearable Electrochemical Sweat Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Materials for Electrochemical Sweat Sensing

Wang

Shin

Park

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Human sweat contains vast physiological information, which has been a promising resource for on‐body and real‐time health monitoring. Wearable sweat sensors have recently attracted an ever‐increasing interest due to their promising capabilities for continuously tracking changes in health status. However, the commercialization of sweat sensors is seriously hindered by drawbacks of materials including high manufacturing and consumables costs, complex integration technology, as well as limited electrochemical signal transduction. In this review, sweat sensing principles are elaborately interpreted, and the latest advances in functional materials for biomarkers sensing in sweat are systematically summarized. Subsequently, the complex structure–activity relationships between various functional materials and sensing capabilities are further elucidated by coupling chemical structures, geometrics, electrochemical properties, and approaches for materials manufacturing. Furthermore, the integration of each component into sensing device for sweat detection and analysis is also discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities for wearable sweat sensors are delineated in the development of future personalized and predictive healthcare.

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Section: Construction Of Wearable Electrochemical Sweat Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Materials for Electrochemical Sweat Sensing

Wang

Shin

Park

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…[ 140,160,184 ] Owing to advancement of materials, fabrication techniques, and sampling approaches, a number of skin‐interfaced biosensors have been validated for their real‐time CGM in sweat during physiological activities ( Figure ). [ 135–161,185 ] Electrochemical sensors are the most commonly used method for wearable device design owing to their high sensitivity and simplicity, low‐cost fabrication, high speed, and high analytical performance. [ 186–188 ] Several strategies have been developed to optimize the on‐body sensing capability of these wearable electrochemical sensors.…”

Section: Emergence Of On‐body Wearable Glucose Continuous Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trending Technology of Glucose Monitoring during COVID‐19 Pandemic: Challenges in Personalized Healthcare

Phan

Hoang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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The COVID‐19 pandemic has continued to spread rapidly, and patients with diabetes are at risk of experiencing rapid progression and poor prognosis for appropriate treatment. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which includes accurately tracking fluctuations in glucose levels without raising the risk of coronavirus exposure, becomes an important strategy for the self‐management of diabetes during this pandemic, efficiently contributing to the diabetes care and the fight against COVID‐19. Despite being less accurate than direct blood glucose monitoring, wearable noninvasive systems can encourage patient adherence by guaranteeing reliable results through high correlation between blood glucose levels and glucose concentrations in various other biofluids. This review highlights the trending technologies of glucose sensors during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic (2019–2020) that have been developed to make a significant contribution to effective management of diabetes and prevention of coronavirus spread, from off‐body systems to wearable on‐body CGM devices, including nanostructure and sensor performance in various biofluids. The advantages and disadvantages of various human biofluids for use in glucose sensors are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges faced by wearable CGM sensors with respect to personalized healthcare during and after the pandemic are deliberated to emphasize the potential future directions of CGM devices for diabetes management.

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“…Typically, wax patterns were deposited on paper, followed by heat annealing to form microfluidic channels. [ 894 ] Zhang et al developed a versatile and low‐cost wearable biosensor for sweat analysis, which could monitor pH, sweat loss, and detect glucose and lactate concentration [ 887 ] (Figure 12h,i). The microfluidic channels on the filter paper were printed using the wax printing method, which could direct the sweat to the biomarker detection zones.…”

Section: Additively Manufactured Smart Wearable Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Human-integrated devices include wearable and implantable devices for monitoring vital human signals or interacting with the human body. [1-3] The human-integrated devices needed to be tethered to the organs or the human skin for implementing their functions such as sensing and energy harvesting. [4-18] The economical, agile, customizable manufacturing, and integration of multifunctional device modules into networked systems with mechanical compliance and robustness will enable unprecedented human-integrated smart wearables [19-23] and usher in exciting opportunities in emerging technologies such as electronics, [24-29] wearable computation, [30-36] human-machine interface, [37-42] robotics, [43-48] and advanced healthcare. [49-54] The fabrication of stateof-the-art microelectronics involves hightemperature processing steps, which are generally incompatible with the flexible substrates (e.g., paper, polymer, fiber, etc.) [55-61] widely used in the wearable devices. Moreover, the current microfabrication technologies are not well positioned to process the emerging functional nanomaterials (e.g., nanowires [NWs] and 2D materials). [62-65] Such incomparability severely limits the pace of deploying these emerging materials (despite their unprecedented properties) in wearable and flexible device technologies. The additive manufacturing (AM) processes have emerged as potential candidates for addressing the earlier limitations of the current microfabrication technologies in fabricating flexible/wearable printed devices with diversified functionalities, e.g., energy harvesting/storage, sensing, actuation, and computation, leveraging advantages such as maskless processing, versatile ink formulation, low cost, low processing temperature, and scalability. [66-71] Researchers have devoted tremendous efforts to develop the related technologies, and several reviews have provided excellent discussions on the material formulation and process aspects of AM techniques. [63,72-79] However, to our best knowledge, there are few review reports about the ink-based additive nanomanufacturing of functional materials for human-integrated smart wearables. To fill this gap, here we review the recent progress in ink-based

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A versatile, cost-effective, and flexible wearable biosensor for in situ and ex situ sweat analysis, and personalized nutrition assessment

Abstract: Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics have shown excellent potential in rapid biological analysis and health/disease monitoring.

Cited by 64 publications

References 51 publications

Engineering Materials for Electrochemical Sweat Sensing

Engineering Materials for Electrochemical Sweat Sensing

Trending Technology of Glucose Monitoring during COVID‐19 Pandemic: Challenges in Personalized Healthcare

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

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