A versatile and practical synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes/bis(indolyl)glycoconjugates catalyzed by trichloro-1,3,5-triazine

A green protocol for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes catalyzed by succinic acid under microwave irradiation

“…MS were recorded on Finnegan MAT 1020 Mass spectrometer operating at 70 eV. The hydrazonoyl halides 1 [12][13][14][15] and methylhydrazones 3 9,16 were prepared according to known literature procedures.…”

“…Synthetically these compounds are obtained from the electrophilic substitution at 3-position of indoles with aldehydes and ketones. Over the past few years syntheses of this class of molecules under different conditions have been reported with promoters such as KHSO 4 -SiO 2, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] NBS, 30 P 2 O 5 /SiO 2, 31 NanoSiO 2 -Ultrasonicirradiation, 32 [Bmim]Br/microwave, 33 Zeokarb-225, 34 [n-However, most of these reported methods deal with toxic materials and solvents, high cost, long reaction time and burdensome work up procedures. Keeping in view of the tremendous importance of bis(indolyl)methanes there emerge a consistent demand of developing reaction conditions possessing readily available nontoxic materials, shorter reaction time, and green solvents as environmentally benign substitutes in this area.…”

Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using molten N-butylpyridinium bromide

“…Many of the methods were designed to use promoters, which include acids [11][12][13][14], surfactants [15], ammonium salts [16,17], trichloro-1,3,5-triazine [18], transition metal complexes [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], zeolites [26][27][28][29], molecular iodine [30,31], montmorillonite K-10 clay [32][33][34], under microwave irradiation [35]. In addition to this neoteric materials (ionic liquids) [36,37], protic solvent [38], and deep eutectic solvent systems [39] have also been used for the synthesis of BIMs.…”

A mild, expedient, solventless synthesis of bis(indolyl)alkanes using silica sulfuric acid as a reusable catalyst

“…However, many Lewis acids are prone to undergo decomposition in the presence of nitrogen containing reactants and this necessitates the use of excess and sometimes stoichiometric amount of Lewis acid catalyst. [8] To overcome such problems, recently Montmorillonite K-10, [9,2a] triphenylphosphonium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, [10,11] iodine,[12] zeolites, [13] triflate of lanthanides [14] and cyanuric chloride [15] have been reported to catalyze this reaction. However, many of these reagents are expensive, [10,11,14] need longer reaction time and are not environmental friendly which warrants the development of a new, practical, economical and environmental friendly protocol for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes.…”