A Vehicle‐Free Antimicrobial Polymer Hybrid Gold Nanoparticle as Synergistically Therapeutic Platforms for Staphylococcus aureus Infected Wound Healing

Abstract

Pathogenic bacteria infection is a serious threat to human public health due to the high morbidity and mortality rates. Nano delivery system for delivering antibiotics provides an alternative option to improve the efficiency compared to conventional therapeutic agents. In addition to the drug loading capacity of nanocarriers, which is typically around 10%, further lowers the drug dose that pathological bacteria are exposed to. Moreover, nanocarriers that are not eliminated from the body may cause side effects. These limitations have motivated the development of self-delivery systems that are formed by the self-assembly of different therapeutic agents. In this study, a vehicle-free antimicrobial polymer polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB, with bactericidal and anti-biofilm functions) hybrid gold nanoparticle (Au NPs, with photothermal therapy (PTT)) platform (PHMB@Au NPs) is developed. This platform exhibits an excellent synergistic effect to enhance the photothermal bactericidal effect for Staphylococcus aureus under near-infrared irradiation. Furthermore, the results showed that PHMB@Au NPs inhibit the formation of biofilms, quickly remove bacteria to promote wound healing through PTT in infection model in vivo, and even mediate the transition of macrophages from M1 to M2 type, and accelerate tissue angiogenesis. PHMB@Au NPs will have promising value as highly effective antimicrobial agents for patient management.

Antibacterial coaxial hydro-membranes accelerate diabetic wound healing by tuning surface immunomodulatory functions

“…Many studies have revealed that transformation of the macrophage phenotype is the central regulatory contributor that orchestrates the transitions among all phases of wound healing [ 6 ]. In the normal wound microenvironment, macrophages exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) during the early stage and then shift to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) during the later stage [ 7 ]. However, macrophages maintain a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in chronic diabetic wounds due to the presence of AGEs and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines to sustain inflammation by recruiting new macrophages to the wound site and polarizing them to the M1 phenotype in a positive feedback loop [ 8 ].…”

A Photothermal-Response Oxygen Release Platform Based on Hydrogel for Accelerating Wound Healing

“…Therefore, the changes of wound in ammation in rats were observed by tissue immuno uorescence staining. In the process of wound healing, there are two types of macrophages, proin ammatory (M1) and anti-in ammatory (M2) macrophages 45,46 , whose markers change to a certain extent. Wound in ammation can be assessed indirectly by investigating corresponding markers in tissue.…”

Strategies to prevent, curb and eliminate biofilm formation based on the characteristics of various periods in one biofilm life cycle

“…He et al forged an antimicrobial polymer polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) hybridized with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) platform (PHMB@Au NPs). PHMB@Au NPs exhibit superior synergistic effect to enhance both photothermal bactericidal effect under NIR irradiation and tissue repair by converting macrophages from M1 type to M2 type (He et al, 2022). The mechanisms and period of action of the various treatments are summarized in Table 3.…”