A vapor phase adsorptive desulfurization process for producing ultra low sulphur diesel using NiY zeolite as a regenerable adsorbent

Abstract

A NiY zeolite based vapor phase adsorptive desulfurization process has been described which can bring down sulphur concentration of a commercial BS IV grade (Euro IV equivalent) diesel from 50 ppm to < 5 ppm level. Compared to literature reports on fixed bed adsorptive desulfurization of diesel using zeolite adsorbents, the present process has advantage of easy regenerability of the adsorbent with minimum temperature swing between adsorption and regeneration step. Multi cycle stability of the desulfurization performance was also demonstrated.

Investigating Adsorptive Deep Desulfurization of Fuels Using Metal-Modified Adsorbents and Process Intensification by Acoustic Cavitation

“…According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), since 2006, the maximum allowable sulfur concentration was 15 and 30 ppm in diesel and gasoline, respectively, 1,2 while the new regulations of the European Union and USEPA mandate levels below 10 ppm sulfur in transportation fuels. 3 For fuel cells, in which gasoline is considered an ideal liquid fuel, 4 even small traces of sulfur can poison the catalyst and hence, a sulfur concentration well below 1 ppm is recommended. The three common liquid fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel) have different composition and content in terms of sulfur compounds, which vary widely from lower-end sulfur compounds such as sulfides, disulfides, and mercaptans to higher-end refractory compounds such as thiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophenes, and their alkylated derivatives.…”

“…As a consequence, governments worldwide formulate stringent norms on fuel quality from time to time. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), since 2006, the maximum allowable sulfur concentration was 15 and 30 ppm in diesel and gasoline, respectively, , while the new regulations of the European Union and USEPA mandate levels below 10 ppm sulfur in transportation fuels . For fuel cells, in which gasoline is considered an ideal liquid fuel, even small traces of sulfur can poison the catalyst and hence, a sulfur concentration well below 1 ppm is recommended.…”

Solvent desulfurization regeneration process and analysis of activated carbon for low-sulfur real diesel

“…Currently, the key technology in ADS for diesel are the sorbents with high selectivity, high adsorption capacity and renewability. Desulfurization sorbents including zeolites, 15,16 mesoporous materials, 17,18 metal-organic frameworks [19][20][21][22] and activated carbons (ACs) [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] have been investigated in the literature. Recently, ACs have been recognized and widely used as adsorbents in removing S-compounds.…”

Thermal in Situ and System-Integrated Regeneration Strategy for Adsorptive On-Board Desulfurization Units

“…Ag 2 S is a relatively stable compound and thus necessitates higher temperatures to decompose. The straightforward oxidation of Ag 2 S by molecular O 2 according to eq is a possible reaction pathway at temperatures in the range of 400–525 °C. , At the same time (300–525 °C), thermal decomposition of “coke” takes place. , Both processes are illustrated in step 2 in Scheme . A second reaction of Ag 2 S could proceed according to eq , which has sufficiently fast reaction kinetics at temperatures above 300 °C .…”

“…44,45 At the same time (300−525 °C), thermal decomposition of "coke" takes place. 46,47 Both processes are illustrated in step 2 in Scheme 1. A second reaction of Ag 2 S could proceed according to eq 2, which has sufficiently fast reaction kinetics at temperatures above 300 °C.…”