A Validation Study of the German Complex-Span Tasks and Some General 					Considerations on Task Translation Procedures in Cognitive 					Psychology

Rummel, Jan; Steindorf, Lena; Marevic, Ivan; Danner, Daniel

doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000444

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Operation span task (OSpan). WMC was assessed with partial scores in the OSpan task (Rummel, Steindorf, Marevic, & Danner, 2017), in which participants were shown letter series that were interleaved by to-be-solved equations. After three to seven letters, participants had to recall the letters in the presented order.…”

Section: Framingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing

Schubert

Frischkorn

Rummel

2019

Psychological Research

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Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the measurement of mind wandering during ongoing tasks. The frequently used online thought-probing procedure (OTPP), in which individuals are probed on whether their thoughts are on-task or not while performing an ongoing task, has repeatedly been criticized, because variations in the frequency of thought probes and the order in which on-task and off-task thoughts are referred to have been shown to affect mind wandering rates. Hitherto, it is unclear whether this susceptibility to measurement variation only affects mean response rates in probe-caught mind wandering or poses an actual threat to the validity of the OTPP, endangering the replicability and generalizability of study results. Here we show in a sample of 177 students that variations of the frequency or framing of thought probes do not affect the validity of the OTPP. While we found that more frequent thought probing reduced the rate of probe-caught mind wandering, we did not replicate the effect that mind wandering is more likely to be reported when off-task thoughts are referred to first rather than second. Crucially, associations between probe-caught mind wandering and task performance, as well as associations between probe-caught mind wandering and covariates (trait mind wandering, reaction-time variability in the metronome-response task, working-memory capacity) did not change with variations of the probing procedure. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the great heterogeneity in the way the OTPP is implemented across different studies endangers the replicability and generalizability of study results. Data and analysis code are available at https://osf.io/7w8bm/.

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Section: Framingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing

Schubert

Frischkorn

Rummel

2019

Psychological Research

Self Cite

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“…OSpan task (Rummel, Steindorf, Marevic, & Danner, 2017), in which participants were shown letter series that were interleaved by to-be-solved equations. After three to seven letters, participants had to recall the letters in the presented order.…”

Section: Operation Span Task (Ospan) Wmc Was Assessed With Partial Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing

Schubert¹,

Frischkorn²,

Rummel³

2018

Preprint

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Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the measurement of mind-wandering during ongoing tasks. The frequently used online thought-probing procedure (OTPP), in which individuals are probed on whether their thoughts are on-task or not while performing an ongoing task, has repeatedly been criticized, because variations in the frequency of thought probes and the order in which on-task and off-task thoughts are referred to have been shown to affect mind-wandering rates. Hitherto, it is unclear whether this susceptibility to measurement variation only affects mean response rates in probe-caught mind-wandering or poses an actual threat to the validity of the OTPP, endangering the replicability and generalizability of study results. Here we show in a sample of 177 students that variations of the frequency or framing of thought probes do not affect the validity of the OTPP. While we found that more frequent thought probing reduced the rate of probe-caught mind-wandering, we did not replicate the effect that mind-wandering is more likely to be reported when off-task thoughts are referred to first rather than second. Crucially, associations between probe-caught mind-wandering and task performance, as well as associations between probe-caught mind-wandering and covariates (trait mind-wandering, reaction-time variability in the metronome-response task, working-memory capacity) did not change with variations of the probing procedure. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the great heterogeneity in the way the OTPP is implemented across different studies endangers the replicability and generalizability of study results. Data and analysis code are available at https://osf.io/7w8bm/.

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“…1 ). After recall, participants’ WMC was assessed with the automated OSPAN task 56 , 57 (see also 44 , 45 ). In this task, participants were asked to maintain or recover mental access to randomly selected capital letters in the right order while intermittently verifying solutions to simple math problems (by pressing the right or left arrow keys for either 'yes' or 'no' on a keyboard).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in working memory capacity moderate effects of post-learning activity on memory consolidation over the long term

Martini

Marhenke

Martini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Similar to sleeping after learning, a brief period of wakeful resting after encoding new information supports memory retention in contrast to task-related cognition. Recent evidence suggests that working memory capacity (WMC) is related to sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation. We tested whether WMC moderates the effect of a brief period of wakeful resting compared to performing a distractor task subsequent to encoding a word list. Participants encoded and immediately recalled a word list followed by either an 8 min wakeful resting period (eyes closed, relaxed) or by performing an adapted version of the d2 test of attention for 8 min. At the end of the experimental session (after 12–24 min) and again, after 7 days, participants were required to complete a surprise free recall test of both word lists. Our results show that interindividual differences in WMC are a central moderating factor for the effect of post-learning activity on memory retention. The difference in word retention between a brief period of wakeful resting versus performing a selective attention task subsequent to encoding increased in higher WMC individuals over a retention interval of 12–24 min, as well as over 7 days. This effect was reversed in lower WMC individuals. Our results extend findings showing that WMC seems not only to moderate sleep-related but also wakeful resting-related memory consolidation.

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A Validation Study of the German Complex-Span Tasks and Some General Considerations on Task Translation Procedures in Cognitive Psychology

Cited by 14 publications

References 62 publications

The validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing

The validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing

The validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing

Individual differences in working memory capacity moderate effects of post-learning activity on memory consolidation over the long term

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