A validated HPTLC method for the simultaneous quantifications of three phenolic acids and three withanolides from Withania somnifera plants and its herbal products

Tomar, Varsha; Beuerle, Till; Sircar, Debabrata

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.009

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In fact, Sangwan et al [ 70 ] concluded that frequent oscillations might be due to factors such as (i) heterogeneous bioresources (wild and/or harvested); (ii) physiological and ecological variations in plantations; (iii) harvest and postharvest collection operations; (iv) biomass processing and product manufacturing process; and (v) unregulated, contaminated and undescribed supplements. Recently, new analytical methods (e.g., high-performance thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC) have been reported to rapidly and selectively detect and quantify certain withanolides and phenolic compounds present in different components of Ashwagandha (root, stem and leaf) [ 71 ], which will ensure the quality and reliability of the products used in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis

Bonilla

Moreno

Gho³

et al. 2021

JFMK

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Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is considered a potent adaptogen and anti-stress agent that could have some potential to improve physical performance. This preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA)-based comprehensive systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis aimed to evaluate clinical trials up to 2020 from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases regarding the effect of Ashwagandha supplementation on physical performance in healthy individuals. Besides implementing estimation statistics analysis, we developed Bayesian hierarchical models for a pre-specified subgroup meta-analysis on strength/power, cardiorespiratory fitness and fatigue/recovery variables. A total of 13 studies met the requirements of this systematic review, although only 12 were included in the quantitative analysis. A low-to-moderate overall risk of bias of the trials included in this study was detected. All Bayesian hierarchical models converged to a target distribution (Ȓ = 1) for both meta-analytic effect size (μ) and between-study standard deviation (τ). The meta-analytic approaches of the included studies revealed that Ashwagandha supplementation was more efficacious than placebo for improving variables related to physical performance in healthy men and female. In fact, the Bayesian models showed that future interventions might be at least in some way beneficial on the analyzed outcomes considering the 95% credible intervals for the meta-analytic effect size. Several practical applications and future directions are discussed, although more comparable studies are needed in exercise training, and athletic populations are needed to derive a more stable estimate of the true underlying effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis

Bonilla

Moreno

Gho³

et al. 2021

JFMK

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“…Numerous reports showed a vast array of biological properties such as anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities of W. somnifera extracts and withanolides [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. To date, more than 40 withanolides, including novel structural variants, such as withanone and withaferin A, have been isolated from W. somnifera [ 9 ]. Moreover, some reports have also found W. somnifera containing withanolide glycosides or glycowithanolides with a β- d -glucopyranose with glycosidic linkage at C-3 or C-27 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Withanolide Glycosides from the Roots of Withania somnifera and Their Potential Biological Activities

Lee

et al. 2022

Plants

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Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), commonly known as “ashwagandha”, is an ayurvedic medicinal plant that has been used for promoting good health and longevity. As part of our ongoing natural product research for the discovery of bioactive phytochemicals with novel structures, we conducted a phytochemical analysis of W. somnifera root, commonly used as an herbal medicine part. The phytochemical investigation aided by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based analysis led to the isolation of four withanolide glycosides (1–4), including one new compound, withanoside XII (1), from the methanol (MeOH) extract of W. somnifera root. The structure of the new compound was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data, high-resolution (HR) electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectroscopy (MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data as well as enzymatic hydrolysis followed by LC/MS analysis. In addition, enzymatic hydrolysis of 1 afforded an aglycone (1a) of 1, which was identified as a new compound, withanoside XIIa (1a), by the interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data, HR-ESIMS, and ECD data. To the best of our knowledge, the structure of compound 2 (withagenin A diglucoside) was previously proposed by HRMS and MS/MS spectral data, without NMR experiment, and the physical and spectroscopic data of withagenin A diglucoside (2) are reported in this study for the first time. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-Helicobacter pylori, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity assay, compound 2 showed weak anti-H. pylori activity with 7.8% inhibition. All the isolated compounds showed significant ABTS radical scavenging activity. However, all isolates failed to show inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. This study demonstrated the experimental support that the W. somnifera root is rich in withanolides, and it can be a valuable natural resource for bioactive withanolides.

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“…According to previous phytochemical studies, withanolides are the primary bioactive constituents of W. somnifera roots and exhibit diverse biological properties, such as neuroprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. More than 40 withanolides, including novel compounds, have been isolated from W. somnifera [ 15 ], along with some withanolide glycosides with β-D-glucopyranose linked at C-3 or C-27 [ 15 ]. In our recent studies on W. somnifera roots, we reported the presence of bioactive withanolides, including new compounds, withasilolides A–F [ 16 ] and withasomniferol D [ 17 ], with some exerting marked cytotoxicity against human cancer cells, as well as anti-adipogenic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitumor Potential of Withanolide Glycosides from Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Tube Formation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Lee

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest-growing tumor capable of spreading to other organs via blood vessels formed by endothelial cells. Apoptosis and angiogenesis-targeting therapies are attractive for cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of Withania somnifera against human HCC (HepG2) cells, identify potential antitumoral withanolide glycosides from the active fraction, and elucidate cytotoxic molecular mechanisms of identified bioactive compounds. W. somnifera (Solanaceae), well-known as ‘ashwagandha’, is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant used to promote health and longevity, and the MeOH extract of W. somnifera root exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells during initial screening. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract and subsequent phytochemical investigation of the active n-BuOH-soluble fraction resulted in the isolation of five withanolide glycosides (1–5), including one new metabolite, withanoside XIII (1), aided by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based analysis. The new compound structure was determined by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism, and enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, withanoside XIIIa (1a) was identified as the new aglycone (1a) of 1. Isolated withanolide glycosides 1–5 and 1a were cytotoxic toward HepG2 cells; withagenin A diglucoside (WAD) (3) exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, with cell viability less than 50% at 100 μM. WAD cytotoxicity was mediated by both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Treatment with WAD increased protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved PARP) but decreased expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Moreover, WAD inhibited tubular structure formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by inhibiting the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and its downstream pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These effects were also enhanced by co-treatment with ERK and PI3K inhibitors. Overall, these results indicate that WAD (3) induced HepG2 apoptosis and inhibited HUVEC tube formation, suggesting its potential application in treating liver cancers.

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A validated HPTLC method for the simultaneous quantifications of three phenolic acids and three withanolides from Withania somnifera plants and its herbal products

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis

Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Physical Performance: Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis

Structural Characterization of Withanolide Glycosides from the Roots of Withania somnifera and Their Potential Biological Activities

Antitumor Potential of Withanolide Glycosides from Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Tube Formation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

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