A Urine Preservative System to Maintain Bacterial Counts

Goodman, Larry J.; Kaplan, Raymond L.; Landau, William M.; Jung, Eduard; Barrett, Jean E.; Levin, S; Harris, Angelique

doi:10.1177/000992288502400704

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…After having carried out reference searches, it was found that preservation by temperature was frequently used in organ preservation for transplants, always in cases of hypothermia at 5°C [2]or 1°C [3]including 24°C [4]. In the case of urine samples, immediate examination is recommended, and if this is not possible, refrigeration during transport [5, 6]or refrigeration at 4°C on arrival until samples are examined, in order to maintain the number of bacteria, in particular, the microorganisms to which we are referring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Chemical Preservative That Permits Analysis of Urine Sediment for Light Microscopic Examination 12 h after Emission

Moreno

Moreno²,

León³

et al. 1999

Nephron

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Introduction: Urine diagnosis by light microscopy is considerably more difficult when specimens are analyzed after a certain period of time. Objectives: (1) To investigate whether this change effectively exists at a significant level of 12 h. (2) To apply measures, once the above has been done, allowing for the analysis of samples beyond 12 h in similar conditions. Materials and Methods: Both freshly produced urine and pathological samples were used under certain experimental conditions: initial, 12 h, 12 h + fridge at 4°C (F), 12 h + chemical preservation (S) and 12 h + SF. The chemical preservative was prepared at a 50/50 ratio with 3% formaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde by the addition of a buffer of pH 7.2–7.4, resulting in a solution of pH 7.35 at 25°C room temperature. Urinalysis was carried out on all samples: glucose (enzymatic method of hexokinase) and total protein in liquid (red pyrogallol method). Centrifugation was followed by sediment analysis with light microscopy. Statistical analysis was done with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Friedman nonparametric test and multiple comparisons. Results and Conclusion: Urine samples tested 12 h after having been produced changed significantly (p < 0.0001), making it necessary to adopt certain measures to maintain their initial conditions. In our case, after the addition of the chemical preservative, samples did not present any changes (p > 0.10) in relation to the initial conditions and were seen to be reliable, therefore indicating the suitability and effectiveness of the analytical conditions (urinalysis in particular, sediment analysis).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Chemical Preservative That Permits Analysis of Urine Sediment for Light Microscopic Examination 12 h after Emission

Moreno

Moreno²,

León³

et al. 1999

Nephron

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Microbial stabilization of antibiotic-containing urine samples by using the FLORA-STAT urine transport system

Dorn

1991

J Clin Microbiol

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The FLORA-STAT Urine Transport System (Wadley Biosciences Corp./Lymphokine Partners Ltd., Dallas, Tex.) was evaluated for its efficacy in maintaining organism count and in effectively blocking the bactericidal action of therapeutic antimicrobial agents in urine samples when the urine samples were held at room temperature. Reconstructions with 53 organism-antimicrobial combinations were performed at 0, 4, 8, and 24 h in which the FLORA-STAT system was compared with two boric acid-based systems (Urine C&S Transport Kit [Becton Dickinson VACUTAINER Systems, Rutherford, N.J.]; Sage Urine Collection Kit for Culture [Sage Products, Inc., Cary, Ill.]) and untreated urine. At 24 h, <1-log-unit changes in organism counts were found in 100, 92, and 10% of the urine samples without antimicrobial agents and in 97, 65, and 16% of the urine samples with antimicrobial agents for FLORA-STAT-treated, boric acid-treated, and untreated urine samples, respectively. The FLORA-STAT system was further evaluated by sending split samples prepared from laboratory-inoculated patient urine samples (57 without and 50 with antimicrobial agents) to four commercial laboratories by using their respective transport devices and procedures. Samples were also sent to a local reference laboratory which provided prompt processing. Each laboratory received independently labeled transport devices containing untreated, FLORA-STAT-treated, and preservative-treated (if provided by the commercial laboratory) samples prepared from the same urine specimen of a patient. Average estimated transport times ranged from 13 to 24 h for the commercial laboratories; the transport time was <4 h for the local reference laboratory. An average of 98, 94, and 53% of the antimicrobial agent-free FLORA-STATtreated, preservative-treated, and untreated samples, respectively, were maintained during transport. The FLORA-STAT system also maintained an average of 85% of the antimicrobial agent-containing samples, compared with 55 and 38% for the preservative-treated and untreated samples, respectively. Moreover, the FLORA-STAT system was not adversely affected by any specific class or type of antimicrobial agent.

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A Urine Preservative System to Maintain Bacterial Counts

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

A New Chemical Preservative That Permits Analysis of Urine Sediment for Light Microscopic Examination 12 h after Emission

A New Chemical Preservative That Permits Analysis of Urine Sediment for Light Microscopic Examination 12 h after Emission

Microbial stabilization of antibiotic-containing urine samples by using the FLORA-STAT urine transport system

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