A universal multicolor immunosensor for semiquantitative visual detection of biomarkers with the naked eyes

Noble Metal-Assisted Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensors

“…Recent research on SPR-and LSPR-based analytical methods for protein marker detection are compared in Table 1. Conversely, Ma et al demonstrated that the LSPR peak shift could also occur through structural changes of noble-metal nanostructures [39]. Authors have described that the product (TMB2+) of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed oxidation of 3, 3 , 5, 5 -tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) can etch out the gold nanorods (GNRs), which generates vivid color responses based on the LSPR peak shift through structural changes [39] (Figure 2c).…”

“…Conversely, Ma et al demonstrated that the LSPR peak shift could also occur through structural changes of noble-metal nanostructures [39]. Authors have described that the product (TMB2+) of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed oxidation of 3, 3 , 5, 5 -tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) can etch out the gold nanorods (GNRs), which generates vivid color responses based on the LSPR peak shift through structural changes [39] (Figure 2c). Based on this finding, researchers have utilized GNRs in a commercially available HRP-TMB immunoassay system for visual quantification of CEA and PSA with the naked eye.…”

“…Au/Ag Bimetallic nanostructures modified with polydopamine films Bovine serum albumin (BSA) 0.01~100 ng/mL 0.01 ng/mL [39] LSPR band shift based on the GNR etching resulted by TMB reaction Carcinoembryon ic antigen (CEA) 0~60 ng/mL 2.5 ng/mL [40] LSPR band shift based on the GNR etching resulted by TMB reaction Prostate specific antigen (PSA) 0~1275 pg/mL 75 pg/mL [40] * Some Values have been recalculated to express in terms of mL to provide better comparisons.…”

Optical Biosensors for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

“…Biosensors have become a fundamental tool in different fields of the global economy, arousing great scientific and industrial interest, since they represent an alternative to traditional analysis methods, with properties such as high detectability, specificity, short analysis time, integration with portable systems, easy automation, real time functionality, versatility, and low cost [43]. These properties give multifunctional biosensor devices different applications in medical diagnosis [44][45][46], biopharmaceutical applications [47,48], immunoassays [49,50], food analysis [51,52], biomarker determination [53,54], screening drugs [55,56], and tissue engineering [57][58][59].…”

Multicolor Colormetric Biosensor for the Determination of Glucose based on the Etching of Gold Nanorods

“…In this study, the product of H 2 O 2 -HRP-TMB-HCl catalyzed oxidation system, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(II) (TMB 2+ ), quantitatively etched AuNRs to produce different vivid color solutions22, meanwhile, the addition of HCl can inactivate effectively HRP to keep the oxidizing reaction stable. Because the TMB 2+ has direct relationship with H 2 O 2 and H 2 O 2 can be generated from glucose-GOx reaction system, glucose was chosen as the example.…”