A universal frequency reuse scheme in LTE‐A heterogeneous networks

Abstract

Effective inter-cell interference mitigation has been extensively studied because of its outstanding cell-edge signal quality improvement capability. Conventional static inter-cell interference coordination strategies, including fractional frequency reuse and soft frequency reuse, have received much attention owing to their effectiveness in mitigating interference and low complexity in implementation. However, they are less effective when dealing with dense uneven traffic distributions and dynamic traffic demands and thus incur low spectrum utilization in some cells and spectrum shortage in others. This paper proposes a universal frequency reuse scheme in a two-layer Long Term Evolution-Advanced heterogeneous network to ensure good throughput for all user equipment (UE), especially UEs at cell edge. The proposed scheme allows each cell to use all the spectrum resources, limited by an orderly regulation of all sub-bands. This scheme minimizes the potential occurrence probability of inter-cell co-sub-band interference through an intra-cell sub-band resource management. Furthermore, a graph-theoretic based sub-band allocation algorithm is developed to optimize UE throughput performance, especially for the cell-edge low signal to interference noise ratio UEs. A comprehensive performance comparison among different frequency reuse schemes is conducted by considering performance metrics, including cell-edge throughput, average throughput, and signal to interference noise ratio cumulative distribution function. Simulation result shows that the universal frequency reuse scheme outperforms other two schemes significantly.

A Novel Intelligent Cluster-Head (ICH) to Mitigate the Handover Problem of Clustering in VANETs

“…1. Interference occurs between two neighbor BSs in the mobile cellular network, as proposed in [25]. Based on a literature review, no previous work has focused on handovers that occur in the overlapping area in the clustering of VANETs.…”

“…Handover problem in clustering of VANETs is a more serious problem than in mobile devices because vehicles have ten times higher speed than mobile devices according to [10]. Vehicles in the overlapping area received two frequencies, one frequency from each BS, therefore vehicles are confused about sending its information to which base-station, while at the same time, the signal in this area has become weaker due to interference frequencies [25]. Three reasons why the handover problem occurs more frequently in VANETs is because vehicles are moving in high mobility, the vehicles are capable to move quickly from one BS to another, and vehicles require link established when moving, which cause increased handover in the network.…”

Femtocell‐enhanced multi‐target spectrum allocation strategy in LTE‐A HetNets

“…As labeled in Fig. 1, wireless links and their respective received power in this heterogeneous multi‐cell network can be classified into five types [21]: (1) Outdoor link from the MBS to MUE m (2) Outdoor‐to‐Indoor link from the MBS to FUE (3) Indoor link from FBS f to its serving FUE (4) Indoor‐to‐indoor link from FBS to FUE in a different FC …”

Traditional Macro-tower to Heterogeneous Cellular Networks: A Survey

“…In [32], Yibing Li et al, have not only addresses major drawback associated with conventional static ICI-coordination strategies such as FFR, soft-FFR, but also proposes a universal FR scheme for heterogeneous network to achieve good throughput for all users by allowing them to use all spectrum in a cell and developed a sub-band allocation algorithm. In [33], Guogang et al, have proposed a novel Adaptive Frequency Reuse (AFR) scheme for ICI coordination in femtocell network.…”