A unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter: Negative masses and matter creation within a modified ΛCDM framework

Abstract

Dark energy and dark matter constitute 95% of the observable Universe. Yet the physical nature of these two phenomena remains a mystery. Einstein suggested a long-forgotten solution: gravitationally repulsive negative masses, which drive cosmic expansion and cannot coalesce into light-emitting structures. However, contemporary cosmological results are derived upon the reasonable assumption that the Universe only contains positive masses. By reconsidering this assumption, I have constructed a toy model which suggests that both dark phenomena can be unified into a single negative mass fluid. The model is a modified ΛCDM cosmology, and indicates that continuously-created negative masses can resemble the cosmological constant and can flatten the rotation curves of galaxies. The model leads to a cyclic universe with a time-variable Hubble parameter, potentially providing compatibility with the current tension that is emerging in cosmological measurements. In the first three-dimensional N-body simulations of negative mass matter in the scientific literature, this exotic material naturally forms haloes around galaxies that extend to several galactic radii. These haloes are not cuspy. The proposed cosmological model is therefore able to predict the observed distribution of dark matter in galaxies from first principles. The model makes several testable predictions and seems to have the potential to be consistent with observational evidence from distant supernovae, the cosmic microwave background, and galaxy clusters. These findings may imply that negative masses are a real and physical aspect of our Universe, or alternatively may imply the existence of a superseding theory that in some limit can be modelled by effective negative masses. Both cases lead to the surprising conclusion that the compelling puzzle of the dark Universe may have been due to a simple sign error.

Joining General Relativity to Particles Physics through Complex Numbers and Autism

“…Another problem is the mystery of "dark energy" and "dark matter" (Farnes, 2018). Here, I link dark energy to the infinite speed of quantum coherence-divergence, damaged in autism; and dark matter, to the nothingness of convergence-decoherence, damaged in schizophrenia.…”

“…For example, gravitational lensing in Abell 1689 with 1000 galaxies (left in figure 7) and the higher-than-expected speed of rotation of the stars at the edge of the M33 galaxy (right) give rise to a substance that does not respond to Pauli"s Exclusion Principle: "dark matter". According to Farnes (2018), Einstein thought of polarization between matter and anti-matter as a mechanism that could drive the expansion of the universe. 28 Because the meeting of matter with anti-matter does not happen as a rule in our universe, however, Dr. Farnes established that dark matter is not anti-matter.…”

Negative mass scenario and Schwarzschild spacetime in general relativity

“…The motivation of the negative mass gravitation scenario in the different cosmological models is very clear. In any scenario, see [2,3] for example, the presence of some kind of repulsive gravitation forces in our Universe helps with explanation of the existence of dark energy and dark matter in the models, see [4][5][6][7][8] and references therein. There are few possibilities to introduce the gravitational repulsive force to the scene.…”

Extended logotropic fluids as unified dark energy models

“…In other words, dark energy arises from dark matter, characterizing de facto the universe to evolve in terms of a single fluid. Dark fluids definitively represent a strategy to explore universe's dynamics without adding a new dark energy term within Einstein's equations [7][8][9]. Unifying dark matter and dark * kuantay.boshkayev@nu.edu.kz † rocco.dagostino@roma2.infn.it ‡ orlando.luongo@lnf.infn.it energy through a single fluid is the well established as one considers Chaplygin gas [10].…”