A Typology of Norms

Morris, Richard T.

doi:10.2307/2089098

Cited by 121 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…For them norms (a set of attitudes and/or behaviours prescribed or proscribed by an individual's group membership, Livingstone & Haslam, in press) and values (what is desirable, i.e. the accepted principles or standards of a group, Morris, 1956) represent the key elements of culture, and this is the working definition that we use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘But everyone else is doing it’: a closer look at the occupational taxpaying culture of one business sector

Ashby¹,

Webley²

2007

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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When individuals embark on their careers they not only become acculturated into their occupational sectors' day-to-day norms and practices, but also their taxpaying ones. Although the research on taxpaying cultures is still in its infancy, understanding more about taxpaying cultures could improve our understanding of the processes underlying tax compliance. To this end, this study aimed to build a detailed picture of the taxpaying culture (i.e. the norms and values) of one business sector-the hairdressing/beauty industry. Nineteen small business and self-employed hairdressers/beauticians were interviewed and a variant of Grounded theory was used to uncover the main themes that ran through the interviews as a whole. The main themes that emerged-which appear to characterize this sector's culture-include a reliance on accountants/tax advisors, the notion of an acceptable level of cash-in-hand payments, and the use of different mental accounts for different types of income. Although some of these themes have already arisen in the small business literature they have often been couched in individualistic terms. We build a case that these issues are more cultural than individual-they are tied to occupational group membership as they are socially constructed within occupational groups and are a key component of the group's taxpaying culture. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘But everyone else is doing it’: a closer look at the occupational taxpaying culture of one business sector

Ashby¹,

Webley²

2007

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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“…We can categorise norms by content, transmission mechanism, origin, function etc. but it is likely that we will fail like many other categorisations before (Morris (1956)). The reason is that it is not the content of the norm itself that is interesting but how and why people adhere to a norm and for that it does not matter whether it is wearing a hat to a wedding of protesting against an abortion clinic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Three kinds of normative behaviour: minimal requirements for feedback models

Elsenbroich

Xenitidou

2012

Comput Math Organ Theory

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We present an analysis for modelling social norms. In social psychology three different normative behaviours have been identified: obedience, conformity and compliance. We show that this triad is a useful conceptualisation of normative behaviour and that current models only ever deal with conformity and obedience two, neglecting compliance. We argue that this is a result from modelling having so far focussed too much on agent behaviour rather than agent knowledge and that cognitive models of normative behaviour are needed to capture this third and arguably most interesting normative behaviour.

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“…what others ought to do, believe, feel-or else.'' 42 He goes on to state that violation of accepted norms always involve sanctions. Norms serve as a guide to how fund raisers perform the roles associated with the fund-raising profession.…”

Section: Informal Social Control Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Professionalization: Fund Raising Norms and Their Implications for Practice

Caboni

2003

Int J Educ Adv

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This article outlines the core traits of professions and discusses the extent to which fund raising possesses these traits. Three inviolable and six admonitory normative patterns of fund-raising behavior are described and their implications for the practice of fund raising are discussed. This article reexamines the fund-raising profession in comparison with the markers of true professions as suggested in the sociological literature. First, the core traits of professions and their relationship to fund raising is examined. Second, professional self-regulation is discussed. Third, the informal norms that fund raisers use to self-regulate are described. Finally, the importance of these norms to the profession and their use for practitioners is outlined.

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A Typology of Norms

Cited by 121 publications

References 0 publications

‘But everyone else is doing it’: a closer look at the occupational taxpaying culture of one business sector

‘But everyone else is doing it’: a closer look at the occupational taxpaying culture of one business sector

Three kinds of normative behaviour: minimal requirements for feedback models

Toward Professionalization: Fund Raising Norms and Their Implications for Practice

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