A Typology of Esport Players

Hedlund, David P.

doi:10.1080/24704067.2021.1871858

Cited by 29 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, this case study has weak explanatory power, and further research is urgently required. Furthermore, the barely studied segment of amateur esports players plays a major role from a health perspective due to the high number of players, especially young players, and needs to be investigated (Khromov et al, 2018 ; Hedlund, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players

Zimmer

Haupt

Heidenreich

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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IntroductionEsports is practiced by millions of people worldwide every day. On a professional level, esports has been proven to have a high stress potential and is sometimes considered equivalent to traditional sporting activities. While traditional sports have health-promoting effects through muscle activity and increased energy expenditure, amateur esports could represent a purely sedentary activity, which would carry potentially harmful effects when practiced regularly. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the acute effects of esports on the cardiovascular system and energy expenditure in amateur esports players to show whether esports can be considered as physical strain or mental stress or whether amateur esports has to be seen as purely sedentary behavior.MethodsThirty male subjects participated in a 30-min gaming session, playing the soccer simulation game FIFA 20 or the tactical, first-person multiplayer shooter Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters, as well as energy expenditure, blood glucose, lactate, and cortisol, were determined pre-, during, and post-gaming.ResultsThere were no significant changes in oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, energy expenditure, stroke volume, or lactate levels. Heart rate, blood glucose and cortisol decreased through the intervention until reaching their minimum levels 10 min post-gaming (Cortisolpre: 3.1 ± 2.9 ng/ml, Cortisolpost: 2.2 ± 2.3 ng/ml, p < 0.01; HRmin0.5: 82 ± 11 bpm, HRpost: 74 ± 13 bpm, p < 0.01).ConclusionA 30-min esports intervention does not positively affect energy expenditure or metabolism in amateur esports players. Therefore, it cannot provide the same health-promoting effects as traditional sports participation, but could in the long-term rather cause the same potentially health-damaging effects as purely sedentary behavior. However, it does not trigger a negative stress response in the players. Deliberate physical activity and exercise routines adapted to these demands should therefore be part of the daily life of amateur esports players.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players

Zimmer

Haupt

Heidenreich

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…Then, from these sides, new entrepreneurial businesses emerge for young people to serve the deviated economic reality [11,[33][34][35]. The second cluster of theories includes young people's intellectual opportunism and moral hazards to becoming professional game boosters [15,16,36,37]. Moreover, this study explains that most young people sacrifice their moral hazards because of their motives to get financial benefits [2,3,10,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

A New Contemporary Profession as Game Boosters: The Behavioural Emergence of Intellectual Opportunism

Sumiyana

Hadi

Saputra

2022

Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies

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This study investigates the emergence of intellectual opportunism for game boosters in mobile social networks. It shows the supply and demand for upgrading game levels in mobile social networks. These supply and lucrative demand highlight a new temporary profession as game boosters. Game boosters facilitate framed newbie gamers who want to play at a higher game level without playing for a long time. This emergence of professionally game boosters is due to economic opportunism, promising their potential future incomes. Moreover, opportunistic mobile social networks (OMSNs) support the muscular appearance of the game booster profession. On the other hand, this study demonstrates that mobile social networks exploit hedonistic human needs by reflecting their behaviour and social relationships when building efficient and trustworthy business contracts. This study presents uniqueness supported by critical reasoning. First, it shows that the game booster phenomenon has emerged as a contemporary profession in society, promising future cash inflows above the average salaries of typical jobs. Second, this research demonstrates the sequential logic of economic opportunities, intellectual opportunism, and mobile social networks, constructing game boosters’ income generating. Nevertheless, this study acknowledges that the game booster profession has low integrity due to its members’ inconsistent and unprincipled virtues.

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“…Besides playing games with the primary intention of pure enjoyment and entertainment, people from all continents and all walks of life practice or watch esports. Also, the gender composition is changing to an increasing number of highly competitive female esports players (McLean and Griffiths, 2013;Hedlund, 2021).…”

Section: The Esports and Gaming Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially multiplayer online games are vibrant community sites (Steinkuehler and Williams, 2006 ). Research on gamer populations suggests that modern gamers are not isolated teenage males (Yee, 2006 ; Hedlund, 2021 ), and that video games are no longer child's play. The average gamer is older than 30 years (Hedlund, 2021 ).…”

Section: The Esports and Gaming Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Activity and Health Promotion in Esports and Gaming–Discussing Unique Opportunities for an Unprecedented Cultural Phenomenon

Ketelhut

Martin-Niedecken

Zimmermann

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Due to long periods of sedentary behavior, and unhealthy diets gamers and esports players are at risk for numerous chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. Health research has started addressing the public health implications of the esports phenomenon, drawing a bleak picture of this megatrend. However, instead of just highlighting adverse public health implications of this trend, it is recommended to become involved in this phenomenon and positively influence it. Esports has an enormous potential for physical activity and health-promoting efforts, provides a context for broadly disseminating interventions, and offers new ways of gaining access to an often-neglected population. This paper presents: the potential of the esports phenomenon to promote physical activity, health, and well-being in gamers and esports players; the strategic and preventive solutions to ameliorate esports possible adverse health impacts; and the utilization of esports technology (streams, media platforms, exergames, etc.) as an innovative health promotion tool, especially reaching gamers and esports players with attractive and interactive interventions. This is to encourage systematic scientific research so that evidence-based guidelines and intervention strategies involving regular physical activity, healthy diet, and sleep hygiene for esports will be developed. The goal is to promote public health approaches that move toward a better integration of esports and gaming.

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A Typology of Esport Players

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players

Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players

A New Contemporary Profession as Game Boosters: The Behavioural Emergence of Intellectual Opportunism

Physical Activity and Health Promotion in Esports and Gaming–Discussing Unique Opportunities for an Unprecedented Cultural Phenomenon

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