A Two-State Study of Family Child Care Engagement in Quality Rating and Improvement Systems: A Mixed-Methods Analysis

Literature review on early childhood education and care for children under the age of 3

“…Some studies have looked more closely at the quality of child experiences (Hooper and Hallam, 2017[149]; Guedes et al, 2020 [159]). Studies from the ECEC literature have highlighted that process quality also refers to experiences at the child level and that group level measures of process quality may misrepresent what the individual child experiences in ECEC (Chien et al, 2010[160]; Downer et al, 2010 [161]; Williford et al, 2013[162]).…”

Prevalence and Characteristics of Home-Based Child Care Providers Serving Children With Provider-Reported Disabilities

“…However, HBCC providers tend to have fewer supports available compared with center-based providers. When supports are available, HBCC providers may face barriers in accessing them due to linguistic, scheduling, and transportation challenges (Gable & Halliburton, 2003; Hallam et al, 2017).…”

“…The emergence of Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) may also require additional professional development requirements for listed home-based providers. However, research related to QRIS indicates that listed HBCC providers are less likely to participate in QRIS, less likely to access the assistance provided through QRIS, and more likely to be rated at lower quality levels (Hallam et al, 2017; S. Smith et al, 2010; Tout et al, 2010).…”

Self-Report QRIS: Challenges with Validation

“…To encourage participation in QRISs, many states offer financial incentives, with tiered reimbursement rates that increase with the child care professional's rating level (Lugo-Gil et al, 2011). Grants for materials and supplies are also traditionally available through QRIS participation (Hallam, Hooper, Bargreen, Buell, & Han, 2017). The qualifications and incentive structures differ from state-to-state and can be tied to a variety of factors including the number of subsidized children served and adult-child ratio (Tout, Zaslow, Halle, & Forry, 2009;Tout et al, 2010).…”