A Two-level Model of Motor Performance Ability

Lämmle, Lena; Tittlbach, Susanne; Oberger, Jennifer; Worth, Annette; Bös, Klaus

doi:10.1016/s1728-869x(10)60006-8

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Motor ability refers to “general traits or capacities of an individual, that underlie the performance of a variety of movement skills” . Corresponding to the three‐level model, the German Motor Test measures five basic motor abilities including endurance, speed, strength, coordination, and flexibility . Except for flexibility (which is seen as more anatomically determined), these five motor abilities can be differentiated into more energetically or information‐oriented.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of exergaming on executive functions in children with ADHD: A randomized clinical trial

Benzing

Schmidt

2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

111

151

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Background Children with ADHD frequently suffer from deficits in cognitive (ie, executive functions) and motor abilities. Although medication usually has a positive effect, a lack of commitment and possible side effects result in a need for adjunct or alternative treatments. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of cognitively and physically demanding exergaming on executive functions, ADHD symptoms, and motor abilities. Methods In a parallel group randomized trial, 51 children between 8‐12 years (M = 10.63; SD = 1.32) diagnosed with ADHD were assigned either to an 8‐week exergame intervention group (three training sessions per week for 30 minutes) or a waiting‐list control group. The core executive functions (inhibition, switching, updating), parent ratings of symptoms, and motor abilities were assessed/gathered before and after the intervention. Results Analyses of covariance (using pre‐test values as covariates) revealed that children in the exergame intervention group improved in specific executive functions (reaction times in inhibition and switching), general psychopathology as well as motor abilities compared to control group. Conclusions Findings indicate that exergaming might benefit two domains in which frequent deficits can be observed in children with ADHD, executive functions and motor abilities. Given that these beneficial effects in turn might positively affect psychopathology, exergaming could serve as an individualized home‐based intervention in the future. However, in order to maximize benefits and make exergaming a valuable adjunct to treatment for children with ADHD, customized exergames are needed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of exergaming on executive functions in children with ADHD: A randomized clinical trial

Benzing

Schmidt

2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

111

151

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“…For each gross motor coordination task we calculated age- and gender-specific z -scores (independently for both survey waves in terms of Hypothesis 1) and combined the standardized scores to a gross motor coordination score. Respective gross motor coordination score covers two dimensions: gross motor coordination under time pressure (jumping side-to-side) as well as under precision pressure (one-leg stand; balancing backwards; e.g., Lämmle et al, 2010) which is represented by an expectable diminished internal consistency ( Cronbach‘s α = 0.62). Following common practice in defining a group with significant motor problems (see Cairney et al, 2013) we calculated the age- and gender-specific 15th Percentile of the respective gross motor coordination score and used this cut-off value to classify each participant as either having (≤15th Percentile) or not having (>15th Percentile) gross motor coordination problems.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis–Results from a Population-Based 6-Year Follow-Up

2016

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The aim of this paper was to contribute to the elaboration of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis framework by testing eight hypotheses addressing the direct impact of gross motor coordination problems in elementary-school on selected physical, behavioral and psychosocial outcomes in adolescence. Results are based on a longitudinal sample of 940 participants who were (i) recruited as part of a population-based representative survey on health, physical fitness and physical activity in childhood and adolescence, (ii) assessed twice within 6 years, between the ages of 6 and 10 years old as well as between the ages of 12 and 16 years old (Response Rate: 55.9%) and (iii) classified as having gross motor coordination problems (N = 115) or having no gross motor coordination problems (N = 825) at baseline. Motor tests from the Körperkoordinationstest, measures of weight and height, a validated physical activity questionnaire as well as the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire were conducted. Data were analyzed by use of binary logistic regressions. Results indicated that elementary-school children with gross motor coordination problems show a higher risk of persistent gross motor coordination problems (OR = 7.99, p < 0.001), avoiding organized physical activities (OR = 1.53, p < 0.05), an elevated body mass (OR = 1.78, p < 0.05), bonding with sedentary peers (OR = 1.84, p < 0.01) as well as emotional (OR = 1.73, p < 0.05) and conduct (OR = 1.79, p < 0.05) problems in adolescence in comparison to elementary-school children without gross motor coordination problems. However, elementary-school children with gross motor coordination problems did not show a significantly higher risk of peer problems (OR = 1.35, p = 0.164) or diminished prosocial behavior (OR = 1.90, p = 0.168) in adolescence, respectively in comparison to elementary-school children without gross motor coordination problems. This study is the first to provide population-based longitudinal data ranging from childhood to adolescence in the context of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis which can be considered a substantial methodological progress. In summary, gross motor coordination problems represent a serious issue for a healthy transition from childhood to adolescence which substantiates respective early movement interventions.

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“…Participants were tested with eight tests of the “Motorik”-Module (MoMo) test battery [39] to assess a complete PF profile involving endurance (through a bicycle ergometer test), strength (through push-ups, standing long jump, and force plate for high jumps), coordination under precision demands (through standing on one leg and balancing backwards), coordination under time pressure (through jumping sideways), and flexibility (through forward bending of the trunk). The content-related validity of all tests was evaluated as good ( M Significance = 1.9, M Practicability = 1.7) throughout with regard to significance and feasibility as based upon expert ratings.…”

Section: Methods Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distal and Proximal Factors of Health Behaviors and Their Associations with Health in Children and Adolescents

Lämmle

Wöll

Mensink

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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Objective: The aim of the present paper was to analyze factors affecting distal and proximal health behavior within a biopsychosocial model for examining their interactions and associations with respect to health. Methods: Path analysis was based on the nationwide, cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (2003 to 2006). The data was collected from 4,529 participants with an average age of 9.45 years (SD = 4.01). Socio-demographic data, psychosocial factors and health behavior were assessed via questionnaire. Participants also underwent physical fitness tests and a medical examination. Results: Over the five levels of the model analyzed with socioeconomic status, immigration background, and rural-urban differences on the first level; physical activity of relatives and peers, intrinsic motivation, and quality of life on the second level; eating patterns, sedentary behavior, and physical activity on the third level; physical fitness and objective health on the fourth level; and health complaints and subjective health on the fifth level; direct, moderation, and mediation effects could be shown. Conclusions: Several distal and proximal factors are needed to take account of the multivariate complexity of health: e.g., immigration background affected health behaviors only indirectly and the effect of physical activity on objective health was mediated by physical fitness.

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A Two-level Model of Motor Performance Ability

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of exergaming on executive functions in children with ADHD: A randomized clinical trial

The effect of exergaming on executive functions in children with ADHD: A randomized clinical trial

Elaboration of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis–Results from a Population-Based 6-Year Follow-Up

Distal and Proximal Factors of Health Behaviors and Their Associations with Health in Children and Adolescents

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