A Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Rats

Aoyama, Hiroaki; Hojo, Hitoshi; Takahashi, Ken; Shimizu, Naoko; Araki, Masayuki; Harigae, M; Tanaka, Naoki; Shirasaka, N.; Kuwahara, Maki; Nakashima, Nobuaki; Yamamoto, Eri; Saka, Machiko; Teramoto, Shoji

doi:10.2131/jts.30.s59

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The present study protocol was essentially the same as those in our previous studies (Aoyama et al. 2002, 2005; Hojo et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two‐generation reproduction toxicity study in rats with methoxychlor

Aoyama¹,

Hojo²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2012

Congenital Anomalies

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A two-generation reproduction toxicity study was conducted in rats with a reference estrogenic pesticide, methoxychlor, to validate the sensitivity and competency of current guidelines recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency; Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development for predicting reproductive toxicity of the test compound based on estrogenic endocrine disrupting effects. Both sexes of SD rats were exposed to methoxychlor in the diet at concentrations of 0, 10, 500 and 1500 ppm for two successive generations. The present study has successfully detected estrogenic activities and reproductive toxicities of methoxychlor, as well as its systemic toxicity. Body weights, body weight gains and food consumption of both sexes of animals were suppressed significantly in the 500 and 1500 ppm groups. Typical reproductive toxicities observed in females of these groups included, but were not limited to, prolonged estrous cycle, reduced fertility, decreased numbers of implantation sites and newborns, decreased ovary weights and/or increased incidences of cystic ovary. Uterine weights of weanlings increased significantly in these groups, suggesting that the sensitivity of this parameter for predicting estrogenic ability of the test compound is comparable to that of the uterotrophic assay. Reproductive toxicities of methoxychlor seemed less potent in males than in females. Methoxychlor delayed preputial separation and significantly reduced sperm counts and reproductive organ weights of males of the 500 and/or 1500 ppm groups; however, most males that failed to impregnate females in the same group showed normal fertility when they were re-mated with untreated females. Neither systemic nor reproductive toxicities appeared in the 10 ppm group.

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“…The present study protocol was essentially the same as those in our previous studies (Aoyama et al. 2002, 2005; Hojo et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1998; Nishihara et al. 2000), did exert such estrogen‐like effects as an increase in uterine weights of female weanlings and decreases in numbers of implants and newborns (Aoyama et al. 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐generation reproduction toxicity study in rats with methoxychlor

Aoyama¹,

Hojo²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2012

Congenital Anomalies

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“…An experimental design and/or procedures for animal husbandry were essentially the same as those described previously (Aoyama et al . 2002, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An experimental design and/or procedures for animal husbandry were essentially the same as those described previously (Aoyama et al 2002(Aoyama et al , 2005. At initiation of the study, animals were distributed to 4 groups in such a way to equalize group means and standard deviations of body weights at the age of 5 weeks.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐generation reproduction toxicity study in rats with 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′‐DDT)

Hojo¹,

Aoyama²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2006

Congenital Anomalies

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DDT, an organochlorine pesticide, has been cited as a representative chemical suspected of having endocrine disrupting effects. In this study, the potential endocrine disrupting activities of p,p'-DDT, a major component of DDT, were investigated in rats in a 2-generation reproduction toxicity study in accordance with the most current test guidelines of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) with some modifications and additions. p,p'-DDT was given to parental rats at dietary levels of 0, 5, 50 or 350 ppm. Systemic toxicities in the parental animals consisted of tremors and subsequent deaths (females only) and/or pathological alterations of the liver (both sexes of animals) of the 2 higher dose groups. Reproductive and postnatal developmental toxicities were not evident up to the highest dose level except for the decreased pup viability index on postnatal day 21 in the 350 ppm group. Changes in serum estradiol and progesterone levels and/or a delay in male sexual maturation were noted in the 2 higher dose groups in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting alterations of endogenous endocrine functions. However, these changes never resulted in substantial reproductive disorders.

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“…Phenolic compounds and its derivatives have their sources from a number of chemical industries such as petroleum, coal conversion, resins, textile dyes and paper processing [1]. Most phenolic compounds are toxic, pose health risk and have been classified as hazardous pollutants that can accumulate in the food chain [2][3][4]. α-Naphthol is a toxic hydroxylated metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene widely used in the manufacture of plastics, rubber, synthetic fibers and dyes [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose Immobilized Pointed Gourd (Trichosanthes dioica) Peroxidase in Treatment of Phenol and α-Naphthol

Singh¹

2015

J Bioprocess Biotech

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Recently, enzymatic treatment using peroxidases in removal of aromatic compounds has gained importance. In this study pointed gourd peroxidase was salt fractionated and direct immobilization of these proteins on diethylaminoethyl cellulose for oxidation of phenol and α-naphthol has been investigated. The activated diethylaminoethyl cellulose was quite effective in high yield immobilization of peroxidases from pointed gourd and it could bind ~576 units per g of the matrix. Immobilized pointed gourd peroxidase on this anion exchanger showed very high effectiveness factor 'Ɛ' as 0.91 with an activity yield of 91%. Immobilized PGP (I-PGP) as compared to soluble counterparts (s-PGP) were more effective and removed 79%, 88% and 54% oxidation of phenol and α-naphthol by 75%, 81% and 61% at 30, 40 and 50°C respectively, with a treatment time of 140 min. In the absence CdCl2 s-PGP as well as I-PGP exhibited upto 93% of oxidation of these compounds; whereas the presence of CdCl2 of negatively affected the removal of phenol and α-naphthol. The reactor worked well continuously for over one month for effectively oxidizing/ removing phenol and α-naphthol by 54% and 61% respectively. Thus, such immobilized enzyme systems in reactor have a great future and could be exploited for treating organic pollutants present in industrial effluents.

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A Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Two‐generation reproduction toxicity study in rats with methoxychlor

Two‐generation reproduction toxicity study in rats with methoxychlor

Two‐generation reproduction toxicity study in rats with 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′‐DDT)

Application of Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose Immobilized Pointed Gourd (Trichosanthes dioica) Peroxidase in Treatment of Phenol and α-Naphthol

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