A twin study of ethanol metabolism

Martin, Nicholas; Perl, J; Oakeshott, J. G.; Gibson, J. B.; Starmer, G. A.; Wilks, Ann Verona

doi:10.1007/bf01065891

Cited by 127 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…18 -24 Most high-risk studies of alcohol challenge performance have assumed, at least implicitly, a strong genetic determination of differences in postalcohol performance. Results from an alcohol challenge study conducted on a sample of Australian twins 25 ,26 confirm that a substantial portion of the postalcohol variation in body swar and self-report of intoxication 27 can be attributed to genetic effects. A metaanalysis of self-rated measures of intoxication 28 supports the premise that sons of alcoholics experience less intense intoxication in response to an acute dose of alcohol, and this is consistent with data from a lO-year follow-up of challenge study participants 29 ,30 that suggest that decreased ratings of self-intoxication measured in young men may predict alcohol dependence in later adulthood.…”

Section: Genetics and Alcohol Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Measures were taken more than once and averaged to compute a score that was then adjusted for height (further details in ref. 25). More negative scores indicated increased body sway.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood alcohol levels and intoxication ratings were obtained at the end of each testing cycle, with additional blood alcohol level assessments made between cycles. Testing procedures are described more fully in Martin et al 25,26 No restrictions were placed on smoking. However, they would have had somewhat limited opportunities to smoke during each 25-min testing cycle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herein, we address the preliminary question of whether the joint use of nicotine and alcohol moderates alcohol response in humans by performing a reanalysis of alcohol challenge data that includes information on women as well as men, from the Australian alcohol challenge twin study. 25,26 The present analyses sought to examine the following questions: Is smoking history a predictor of alcohol challenge performance, with history of smoking predicting decreased intoxication after a body weight-adjusted dose of alcohol? If so, are there effects of smoking history that are additional to or that enhance the effects of previous experience with alcohol on alcohol challenge performance?…”

Section: Smoking and Alcohol Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol Sensitivity and Smoking History in Men and Women

Madden

Heath

Starmer

et al. 1995

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Many studies have found genetic effects to contribute to alcoholism risk in both men and women. Based on preliminary evidence for shared genetic risk between smoking and drinking problems, a reanalysis of alcohol challenge data on 412 AustraUan twins was perfonned to explore the possibility that smoking may diminish or moderate the intoxicating effects of alcohol. We found history of smoking to be strongly associated with seIf-reported intoxication after alcohol challenge in women (women: r = -0.44 ± 0.08; men: r = -0.21 ± 0.08), comparable with self-reported average weekly consumption of alcohol, which was more strongly associated in men (women: r = -0.37 ± 0.07; men: r = -0.54 ± 0.06). Structural equation modelfitting indicated a strong association between heavy drinking and smoking, but the association between smoking and postalcohol intoxication remained even when the effects of heavy drinking were controlled for. These results prompt the question of whether smoking cigarettes directly influences the transition from moderate to excessive use of alcohol by diminishing feelings of alcohol intoxication.Key Words: Alcohol Intoxication, Alcohol Challenge, SmOking.F INDINGS FROM twin and adoption studies are consistent with an important genetic contribution to alcoholism risk in men, and at least some studies suggest a genetic influence on alcoholism in women (reviewed in refs. 1 and 2). A relationship between smoking tobacco and the excessive use of alcohol has been recognized for many years. 3 Recently, a population-based study found those who have ever smoked to have five times the risk of developing alcoholism as compared with nonsmokers. 4 A series of twin studies of smoking behavior yielded results in both men and women consistent with an important genetic influence on various aspects of smoking: whether or not an individual becomes a smoker, how much she or he smokes, and whether or not he or she quits successfully or becomes a persistent long-term smoker.5-12 It is therefore natural to

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Section: Genetics and Alcohol Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Measures were taken more than once and averaged to compute a score that was then adjusted for height (further details in ref. 25). More negative scores indicated increased body sway.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smoking and Alcohol Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alcohol Sensitivity and Smoking History in Men and Women

Madden

Heath

Starmer

et al. 1995

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Independent linkage studies on several populations have indicated strong evidence for linkage between a locus on chromosome 4q containing ADH gene cluster and AD (Martin et al, 1985;Reich et al, 1998;Reich, 1996;Williams et al, 1999;Long et al, 1998). By comprehensive analysis testing the association between AD and 110 SNPs throughout the seven ADH genes, the most consistent evidence for an association has been observed for 12 SNPs in and around the ADH4 gene, while associations with SNPs in ADH1A and ADH1B were weaker, and there was no significant association with variations in ADH1C (Edenberg et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%