Abstract:This tutorial review delves into the unique advantages of electrochemistry in the context of asymmetric catalysis, first providing a brief tutorial introduction to electrosynthesis, then exploring representative case studies with a mechanistic focus.
“…A range of additional transformations are emerging as opportunities toward scalable processes (e.g., electrochemical trifluoromethylation of heterocycles, hydrogenations − ) that may be of high interest to pharma. The electrosynthesis of catalysts , and ligands , for catalysis and the deployment of asymmetric electrocatalytic methods are also of interest, but examples of these on large scale are still scarce. The development of electrosynthetic processes in green solvents is also of interest.…”
This review summarizes examples of organic electrosynthesis from the peer-reviewed literature from 2000 to 2023 that have been conducted on scales of 20 g or above. A significant portion of these examples were conducted on a ≤100 g scale, while detailed reports of kilogram-scale electrosynthesis remain scarce in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to the chemical transformation, this review also highlights the type of reactor used and a projected productivity metric as ways to compare the different reports. The selected examples of organic electrosynthesis scale-ups described herein also illustrate the remaining challenges currently preventing the routine use of large-scale electrosynthesis in the pharmaceutical industry.
“…A range of additional transformations are emerging as opportunities toward scalable processes (e.g., electrochemical trifluoromethylation of heterocycles, hydrogenations − ) that may be of high interest to pharma. The electrosynthesis of catalysts , and ligands , for catalysis and the deployment of asymmetric electrocatalytic methods are also of interest, but examples of these on large scale are still scarce. The development of electrosynthetic processes in green solvents is also of interest.…”
This review summarizes examples of organic electrosynthesis from the peer-reviewed literature from 2000 to 2023 that have been conducted on scales of 20 g or above. A significant portion of these examples were conducted on a ≤100 g scale, while detailed reports of kilogram-scale electrosynthesis remain scarce in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to the chemical transformation, this review also highlights the type of reactor used and a projected productivity metric as ways to compare the different reports. The selected examples of organic electrosynthesis scale-ups described herein also illustrate the remaining challenges currently preventing the routine use of large-scale electrosynthesis in the pharmaceutical industry.
“…Other than those listed above, there are many other advantages of using electricity as a stimulus in organic synthesis (see these reviews for more details). 157–159 Typical electrochemical reactions consist of two simultaneous redox half-reactions, which are both happening at the electrode surface. Oxidation (removing electrons) occurs at the anode, while reduction (gaining electrons) occurs at the cathode (Fig.…”
Section: Recent Advances In Other Types Of Oxidative Degradationmentioning
“…23 The concept of metalla-electrocatalysis for enantioselective synthesis has been reviewed before and is not covered in this review. 24,25 In addition, transition-metal catalysis under electrophotochemical conditions is also excluded from this review because it represents another domain of organic synthesis. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The current review is organized based on metal catalysts, with specific focus placed on strategy design and mechanistic aspects.…”
While aiming at sustainable synthesis, organic electrosynthesis has attracted increasing attention in the past few years. In parallel, with a deeper understanding of catalyst and ligand design, 3d transition-metal catalysis...
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