A turbulence scheme allowing for mesoscale and large‐eddy simulations

Cuxart, Joan; Bougeault, Ph.; Redelsperger, Jean‐Luc

doi:10.1002/qj.49712656202

Cited by 663 publications

(542 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This configuration is based on the operational ALADIN set-up at Météo-France. The main differences from the configuration ALADIN-25 are: the large-scale cloudiness and precipitation scheme is the prognostic scheme proposed by Lopez (2002); the ECMWF radiation scheme used in ALADIN-32 is the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) for the long wave and the scheme of Morcrette (1991) for the short wave; and a prognostic Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) scheme CBR (Cuxart et al, 2000) is used for calculation of turbulent transport. In ALADIN-LAEF multi-physics, the CBR scheme is combined with two options (CBR+B81 and CBR+S90) for modelling the cloud in the boundary layer, the one of Bougeault (1981) or the one of Smith (1990).…”

Section: Model Perturbation: Multi-physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of ALADIN dynamics with HIRLAM physics is one option in the ALADIN-LAEF multi-physics. The main elements of this physics package are: the HIRLAM radiation scheme developed by Savijärvi (1990) and described in Sass et al (1994) and Wyser et al (1999); and the CBR scheme (Cuxart et al, 2000) with adjustments to the length-scale (Lenderink and Holtslag, 2004) for the vertical diffusion. HIRLAM convection and condensation scheme (Soft Transition Condensation, STRACO) puts emphasis on the gradual transition from convective to stratiform regimes.…”

Section: Model Perturbation: Multi-physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Central European limited‐area ensemble forecasting system: ALADIN‐LAEF

Wang

Belluš

Wittmann

et al. 2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Section: Model Perturbation: Multi-physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Perturbation: Multi-physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Central European limited‐area ensemble forecasting system: ALADIN‐LAEF

Wang

Belluš

Wittmann

et al. 2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…It uses a convection scheme based on that of Bechtold et al (2001) with a CAPE closure, the prognostic cloud scheme of Pinty and Jabouille (1998) with a modified ice to snow autoconversion parametrization following Chaboureau and Pinty (2006), and the 1.5 order BL scheme of Cuxart et al (2000).…”

Section: Single-column Models (Scms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling convective processes during the suppressed phase of a Madden–Julian oscillation: Comparing single‐column models with cloud‐resolving models

Woolnough

Blossey

et al. 2010

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The role of convective processes in moistening the atmosphere during suppressed periods of the suppressed phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation is investigated in cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations, and the impact of moistening on the subsequent evolution of convection is assessed as part of a Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study (GCSS) intercomparison project. The ability of single-column model (SCM) versions of a number of state-of-the-art climate and numerical weather prediction models to capture these convective processes is also evaluated. During the suppressed periods, the CRMs are found to simulate a maximum moistening around 3 km, which is associated with a predominance of shallow convection. All SCMs produce adequate amounts of shallow convection during the suppressed periods, comparable to that seen in CRMs, but the relatively drier SCMs have higher precipitation rates than the relatively wetter SCMs and CRMs. The relatively drier SCMs dry, rather than moisten, the lower troposphere below the melting level. During the transition periods, convective processes act to moisten the atmosphere above the level at which mean advection changes from moistening to drying, despite an overall drying effect for the column. The SCMs capture some essence of this moistening at upper levels. A gradual transition from shallow to deep convection is simulated by the CRMs and the wetter SCMs during the transition periods, but the onset of deep convection is delayed in the drier SCMs. This results in lower precipitation rates for these SCMs during the active periods, although much better agreement exists between the models at this time.

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“…The HIRLAM grid-point forecast model is hydrostatic, and it utilizes a semi-implicit, semiLagrangian two-time-level time integration scheme (Undén et al, 2002). The physical parametrizations used were, for example, the radiation scheme of Savijärvi (1990), the Cuxart-Bougeault-Redelsperger (CBR) turbulence scheme (Cuxart et al, 2000), the Kain-Fritsch convection scheme (Kain, 2004), the Rasch-Kristjánsson (1998) prognostic cloud water scheme, and the Interaction Soil-BiosphereAtmosphere (ISBA: Noilhan and Mahfouf, 1996) surface scheme. Surface friction is treated using a surface roughness parametrization, which has separate formulations over sea (Charnock's formula), over vegetation and over orography (Undén et al, 2002).…”

Section: Model and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orographic influence of east Greenland on a polar low over the Denmark Strait

Kristjánsson

Þorsteinsson

Kolstad

et al. 2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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We present a numerical study of a polar low which hit western Iceland in January 2007, with heavy snowfall and mean wind speeds exceeding 20 m s −1 in several locations. The operational models at the time captured the polar low formation rather well, but there was a large spread in their predictions of the subsequent evolution and track of the polar low. The objective of this study is to investigate possible orographic forcing from Greenland as a trigger for the polar low development. In addition to an analysis of surface observations and satellite imagery, sensitivity studies using HIRLAM were carried out with various degradations of Greenland's orography, as well as with modifications to the sea-surface temperature (SST), surface roughness and the data assimilation scheme. Despite the presence of an upper-level trough and weak static stability in all the simulations, the polar low development was found to be very sensitive to the presence of the high mountains of eastern Greenland. Whereas the control run captured well the main features of the polar low, simulations with parts of east Greenland's orography removed gave a southward-displaced polar low which moved rapidly eastward, resulting in substantially underestimated nearsurface winds and snowfall amounts. Setting the orographic heights over all of Greenland to zero led to the complete disappearance of the polar low. On the other hand, artificially increasing the SST by 4 K in the Denmark Strait, reducing the orographic roughness or replacing the four-dimensional variational assimilation scheme (4D-Var) by 3D-Var had only a small effect on the polar low. We suggest that hitherto unreported interactions between the high mountains of east Greenland and polar low development over the Denmark Strait may be more important for polar low formation than katabatic flow from valleys in east Greenland that was highlighted in earlier studies.

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A turbulence scheme allowing for mesoscale and large‐eddy simulations

Cited by 663 publications

References 34 publications

The Central European limited‐area ensemble forecasting system: ALADIN‐LAEF

The Central European limited‐area ensemble forecasting system: ALADIN‐LAEF

Modelling convective processes during the suppressed phase of a Madden–Julian oscillation: Comparing single‐column models with cloud‐resolving models

Orographic influence of east Greenland on a polar low over the Denmark Strait

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