A Tone-Mapping Technique Based on Histogram Using a Sensitivity Model of the Human Visual System

Khan, Ihtiram Raza; Rahardja, Susanto; Khan, Muhammad Murtaza; Movania, Muhammad Mobeen; Abed, Fidaa

doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2760247

Cited by 84 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The distributions of the different groups are various. Some transformation methods receive a significant difference between the number of positive evaluations (assessing an image as natural) and the number of Transformation method NI PV NV (or image source) Khan's TMO [8] 178 732 870 Ashikhmin's TMO [10] 178 230 1,372 Durand's TMO [12] 138 179 1,063 Fattal's TMO [11] 75 260 415 Reinhard's TMO [9] 253 1,549 725 Larson's TMO [13] 127 730 413 Paul's MEF [33] 97 582 291 Pece's MEF [32] 91 422 377 Raman's MEF [31] 133 The images are categorized into 10 groups based on the number of positive and negative evaluations they got. The results are showed in Fig.…”

Section: Experiments Results and The Naturalness Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, only the images with a significant difference between the number of positive evaluations and the number of negative evaluations have been considered. Based on the results of the Transformation method NI PV NV (or image source) Khan's TMO [8] 59 231 300 Ashikhmin's TMO [10] 123 73 1,034 Durand's TMO [12] 98 61 821 Fattal's TMO [11] 21 128 Reinhard's TMO [9] 93 696 141 Larson's TMO [13] 45 317 88 Paul's MEF [33] 33 257 40 Pece's MEF [32] 13 84 33 Raman's MEF [31] 67 experiment, an image in this study is considered as natural if there are at least 8 positive evaluations (in total 9 evaluations). Similarly, if there are at least 8 negative evaluations (in total 9 evaluations), it is considered as unnatural.…”

Section: Experiments Results and The Naturalness Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HDR images are not easy to collect and the number of images in each dataset is often small, so 7 HDR datasets are used in this research. Those HDR images are mapped to SDR images by using different TMOs including Reinhard's [9] (based on global contrast), Ashikhmin's [10] (using local contrast) and Khan's [8] (based on histogram and human visual system) algorithms. In order to focus on both naturalness and unnaturalness, there is a need of considering not only a well known TMO like Reinhard's TMO but also an TMO generating artifacts like Ashikhmin's TMO and an TMO generating both natural and unnatural images like Khan's TMO.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is necessary to map HDR images to SDR format before display on SDR screens. To perform this task, many Tone Mapping Operators (TMOs) have been proposed [8], [3], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Generally, TMOs map colors of HDR images from a high dynamic range (from 10,000:1 to 1000,000:1) to a low range (from 100:1 to 300:1), this process can be considered as a range compression process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Study of naturalness in tone-mapped images

Ladret

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Computer Vision and Image Understanding

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Nowadays, images can be obtained in various ways such as capturing photos in single-exposure mode, applying Multiple Exposure Fusion algorithms to generate an image from multiple shoots of the same scene, mapping High Dynamic Range images to Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) images, converting raw formats to displayable formats, or applying post-processing techniques to enhance image quality, aesthetic quality,.. . When looking at some photos, one might have a feeling of unnaturalness. This paper deals with the problem of developing a model firstly to estimate if an image looks natural or not to humans and the second purpose is to try to understand how the unnaturalness feeling is induced by a photo: Are there specific unnaturalness clues or is unnaturalness a general feeling when looking at a photo? The study focuses on SDR images, especially on tonemapped images. The first contribution of the paper is the setting of an experiment gathering human naturalness opinions on 1,900 SDR images mainly obtained from tone mapping operators. Based on the collected data, the second contribution of the paper is to study the efficiency of different feature types including handcrafted features and learned features for image naturalness analysis. A binary classification model is then developed based on the determined features to classify if an image looks natural or unnatural.

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Section: Experiments Results and The Naturalness Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments Results and The Naturalness Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Study of naturalness in tone-mapped images

Ladret

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Computer Vision and Image Understanding

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show abstract

“…The notion of this category is that real natural scenes can be captured with a stack of low dynamic range (LDR) images with different exposures, and an HDR image can be obtained by using the camera response function [7,8]. Then, tone mapping technology [9][10][11] is used to reduce the dynamic range of the HDR image for display on the common device. However, the quality of the reconstructed HDR image depends heavily on the related exposure settings (e.g., exposure time and exposure value), which are often unknown to the user.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halo-Free Multi-Exposure Image Fusion Based on Sparse Representation of Gradient Features

Shao

Jiang

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Due to sharp changes in local brightness in high dynamic range scenes, fused images obtained by the traditional multi-exposure fusion methods usually have an unnatural appearance resulting from halo artifacts. In this paper, we propose a halo-free multi-exposure fusion method based on sparse representation of gradient features for high dynamic range imaging. First, we analyze the cause of halo artifacts. Since the range of local brightness changes in high dynamic scenes may be far wider than the dynamic range of an ordinary camera, there are some invalid, large-amplitude gradients in the multi-exposure source images, so halo artifacts are produced in the fused image. Subsequently, by analyzing the significance of the local sparse coefficient in a luminance gradient map, we construct a local gradient sparse descriptor to extract local details of source images. Then, as an activity level measurement in the fusion method, the local gradient sparse descriptor is used to extract image features and remove halo artifacts when the source images have sharp local changes in brightness. Experimental results show that the proposed method obtains state-of-the-art performance in subjective and objective evaluation, particularly in terms of effectively eliminating halo artifacts.

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Nonsubsampled contourlet transform based tone‐mapping operator to optimize the dynamic range of diatom shells

Singh

Cristóbal

Blanco

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The diatoms have intricate silica‐based cell walls with multi‐scale patterns. High dynamic range (HDR) imaging is widely used to examine the three‐dimensional structure of diatoms for recovering the wide range of contrast and brightness. In order to construct a HDR image of a diatom, multiple images of the specimen are taken at different exposure settings with bright or dark field microscopy. In the proposed method, multi‐scale decomposition based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform is adopted to separate the structured and detailed information of the HDR image. And then, by processing all layers independently, the tone‐mapped image is reconstructed to retain details present in the dark and light regions. Quantitative and qualitative analysis is performed in order to assess the performance of the proposed and seven existing tone‐mapping operators. In analysis, the study indicates that the proposed method enhances the diatom frustules to extract more details.

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A Tone-Mapping Technique Based on Histogram Using a Sensitivity Model of the Human Visual System

Cited by 84 publications

References 37 publications

Study of naturalness in tone-mapped images

Study of naturalness in tone-mapped images

Halo-Free Multi-Exposure Image Fusion Based on Sparse Representation of Gradient Features

Nonsubsampled contourlet transform based tone‐mapping operator to optimize the dynamic range of diatom shells

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