Advances in image super-resolution (SR) have recently benefited significantly from rapid developments in deep neural networks. Inspired by these recent discoveries, we note that many state-of-the-art deep SR architectures can be reformulated as a single-state recurrent neural network (RNN) with finite unfoldings. In this paper, we explore new structures for SR based on this compact RNN view, leading us to a dual-state design, the Dual-State Recurrent Network (DSRN). Compared to its single-state counterparts that operate at a fixed spatial resolution, DSRN exploits both lowresolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) signals jointly. Recurrent signals are exchanged between these states in both directions (both LR to HR and HR to LR) via delayed feedback. Extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations on benchmark datasets and on a recent challenge demonstrate that the proposed DSRN performs favorably against state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of both memory consumption and predictive accuracy.

This paper is aimed at developing and evaluating a content-based retrieval method for contrastenhanced liver computed tomographic (CT) images using bag-of-visual-words (BoW) representations of single and multiple phases. The BoW histograms are extracted using the raw intensity as local patch descriptor for each enhance phase by densely sampling the image patches within the liver lesion regions. The distance metric learning algorithms are employed to obtain the semantic similarity on the Hellinger kernel feature map of the BoW histograms. The different visual vocabularies for BoW and learned distance metrics are evaluated in a contrast-enhanced CT image dataset comprised of 189 patients with three types of focal liver lesions, including 87 hepatomas, 62 cysts, and 60 hemangiomas. For each single enhance phase, the mean of average precision (mAP) of BoW representations for retrieval can reach above 90 % which is significantly higher than that of intensity histogram and Gabor filters. Furthermore, the combined BoW representations of the three enhance phases can improve mAP to 94.5 %. These preliminary results demonstrate that the BoW representation is effective and feasible for retrieval of liver lesions in contrast-enhanced CT images.

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Incorporating tumor margin information represented by MID with the distance metric learned by the MPP algorithm can substantially improve the retrieval performance for brain tumors in CE-MRI.

Vegetation restoration efforts (planting trees and grass) have been effective in controlling soil erosion on the Loess Plateau (NW China). Shifts in land cover result in modifications of soil properties. Yet, whether the hydraulic properties have also been improved by vegetation restoration is still not clear. The objective of this paper was to understand how vegetation restoration alters soil structure and related soil hydraulic properties such as permeability and soil water storage capacity. Three adjacent sites with similar soil texture, soil type, and topography, but different land cover (black locust forest, grassland, and cropland) were selected in a typical small catchment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River (Loess Plateau). Seasonal variation of soil hydraulic properties in topsoil and subsoil were examined. Our study revealed that land-use type had a significant impact on field-saturated, near-saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil water characteristics. Specifically, conversion from cropland to grass or forests promotes infiltration capacity as a result of increased saturated hydraulic conductivity, air capacity, and macroporosity. Moreover, conversion from cropland to forest tends to promote the creation of mesopores, which increase soil water-storage capacity. Tillage of cropland created temporarily well-structured topsoil but compacted subsoil as indicated by low subsoil saturated hydraulic conductivity, air capacity, and plant-available water capacity. No impact of land cover conversion on unsaturated hydraulic conductivities at suction > 300 cm was found indicating that changes in land cover do not affect functional meso-and microporosity. Our work demonstrates that changes in soil hydraulic properties resulting from soil conservation efforts need to be considered when soil conservation measures shall be implemented in water-limited regions. For ensuring the sustainability of such measures, the impact of soil conversion on water resources and hydrological processes needs to be further investigated.

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How did the girl feel when she saw the old woman's teeth? A: terrified Context: ...but she had such great teeth that the girl was terrified... Q: What happened when the door of the stove was opened? A: The flames darted out of its mouth. Context: ...when the door of the stove was opened, the flames darted out of its mouth. This is customary with all stoves...