A titanium nitride nanotube array for potentiometric sensing of pH

Abstract

A titanium nitride nanotube array (TiN NTA) electrode was fabricated through anodic oxidation of titanium and reduction and nitridation of TiO2 NTA. The microstructure of TiN NTA was characterized to be uniform with inner diameters of about 120 nm, a wall thickness of 15-20 nm and an average length of 10 μm. Open-circuit potentials were measured to evaluate the TiN TNA electrode related to pH sensitivity, response time, stability, selectivity, hysteresis and reproducibility in the pH range of 2.0-11.0 at 20 ± 1 °C. The prepared TiN NTA electrode exhibits a near-Nernstian slope of 55.33 mV per pH with the correlation coefficient value of 0.995. It shows good selectivity for H(+) ions in the presence of cations and anions, especially in fluoride-containing media. It also has good stability and reproducibility with a response time of 4.4 s. These make it a promising candidate as a pH electrode sensor.

An electrochemically cleanable pH electrode based on an electrodeposited iridium oxide–ruthenium oxide–titanium composite

“…In contrast, metal/metal oxide pH electrodes ( e.g. IrO 2 , 19 RuO 2 , 20 Ta 2 O 3 , 21 CuO, 22 TiN, 23 etc .) have the potential to perform pH detection in complex natural water systems due to their higher mechanical strength.…”

Electromagnetic Field Enhancement of Nanostructured TiN Electrodes Probed with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

“…The surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is typically located in the visible to near-IR region and can be tuned with respect to resonance frequency and magnitude by tailoring the material's nanostructure [12,13]. In this respect, various TiN nanostructures have been investigated for their light modulation aptitude, including nanoparticle assemblies [14,15], nanocubes [16], nanotubes [17], nanorods [11,13], as well as thin films of TiN [18]. Each system has shown specific plasmonic activity that can be further fine-tuned by controlling structural parameters.…”

Influence of Nitrogen Doping on the Electrocatalytic Effect of TiO2Nanofibers

“…There are three main ways that non-metal doping modifies TiO 2 : (1) introducing impurity energy levels, 28 (2) bandgap narrowing, 29 and (3) oxygen vacancy formation. 30 TiO 2 has been modified with non-metal ions by hydrolysis of titanium precursors in the presence of a dopant followed by z E-mail: mazloum@yazd.ac.ir calcination; [31][32][33] oxidative annealing of TiN, TiS 2 , or TiC powder; [34][35][36] atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced nanoparticle synthesis; 37 and gas-phase thin film deposition. 38 The sol-gel method has been found to be effective to synthesize N-TiO 2 .…”