A titanium dioxide/nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nanocomposite to mitigate cytotoxicity: synthesis, characterisation, and cell viability evaluation

Abstract

Cytotoxicity mitigation using titanium dioxide/nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nanocomposites.

N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots/Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites: A Study of ROS-Forming Mechanisms, Cytotoxicity and Photodynamic Therapy

“…The obtained results depict that the average crystallite size (Scherrer equation) of N-GQDs/TiO 2 NCs decreased when compared to the pure TiO 2 NPs, which can be attributed to the confinement effect of graphene sheets that were ascribed to the size change in the sp 2 domains, similar to the reported studies [38,39]. The obtained results are further supported by the average particle size obtained based on the high resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) analysis (TiO 2 NPs = 11.46 ± 2.8 nm, N-GQDs/TiO 2 NCs = 9.16 ± 2.4 nm) [32]. Moreover, the lattice parameters a and c correspond to the respective XRD patterns of the TiO 2 NPs, and N-GQDs/TiO 2 NCs were in accordance with the reference data of the anatase tetragonal structure (ICSD 01-071-1166).…”

Advances in Drug Delivery Nanosystems Using Graphene-Based Materials and Carbon Nanotubes

“…In nanocomposites of N-GQDs incorporated onto the surface of the TiO 2 NPs, the TiO 2 NPs were situated on the 2D graphene nanosheet surface. The nanocomposites were not toxic to the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells at ≤0.1 mg/mL and at higher concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg/mL) showed pronouncedly lower cytotoxicity than the pristine TiO 2 [ 149 ]. MgAl-layered double hydroxide-modified Mn 3 O 4 /N-GQD conjugated polyaniline nanocarrier fabricated for DOX delivery in breast cancer cells and exhibiting 90% DOX EE was characterized by slow drug release under normal physiological conditions, while pH-triggered drug release at low pH (corresponding to the extracellular tumor environment) achieved ca.…”

The Potential Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Liver Fibrosis Theranostics

“…The behavior and distribution of nanomaterials are significantly in association with their size. Small particles in the circulation incline towards aggregation or to be decorated with a protein corona and, due to their charge, to produce an electrical double layer (Ramachandran et al, 2020). In this context, dynamic light scattering (DLS) can easily measure the total size of the particles (Ramachandran et al, 2020).…”

“…Small particles in the circulation incline towards aggregation or to be decorated with a protein corona and, due to their charge, to produce an electrical double layer (Ramachandran et al, 2020). In this context, dynamic light scattering (DLS) can easily measure the total size of the particles (Ramachandran et al, 2020). Intravenous administration of MNPs leads to the circulation of the particles in the lumen of blood vessels and thus to their interaction with macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system (Alphandéry, 2019).…”