A Three-Step Resolution-Reconfigurable Hazardous Multi-Gas Sensor Interface for Wireless Air-Quality Monitoring Applications

The leakage of hazardous gases and chemical vapors is considered one of the dangerous accidents that can occur in laboratories, workshops, warehouses, and industrial sites that use or store these substances. The early detection and alarming of hazardous gases and volatile chemicals are significant to keep the safety conditions for the people and life forms who are work in and live around these places. In this paper, we investigate the available mobile detection and alarming systems for toxic, hazardous gases and volatile chemicals, especially in the laboratory environment. We included papers from January 2010 to August 2021 which may have the newest used sensors technologies and system components. We identified (236) papers from Clarivate Web of Science (WoS), IEEE, ACM Library, Scopus, and PubMed. Paper selection has been done based on a fast screening of the title and abstract, then a full-text reading was applied to filter the selected papers that resulted in (42) eligible papers. The main goal of this work is to discuss the available mobile hazardous gas detection and alarming systems based on several technical details such as the used gas detection technology (simple element, integrated, smart, etc.), sensor manufacturing technology (catalytic bead, MEMS, MOX, etc.) the sensor specifications (warm-up time, lifetime, response time, precision, etc.), processor type (microprocessor, microcontroller, PLC, etc.), and type of the used communication technology (Bluetooth/BLE, Wi-Fi/RF, ZigBee/XBee, LoRa, etc.). In this review, attention will be focused on the improvement of the detection and alarming system of hazardous gases with the latest invention in sensors, processors, communication, and battery technologies.

Section: The Used Communication Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Detection and Alarming Systems for Hazardous Gases and Volatile Chemicals in Laboratories and Industrial Locations

Al-Okby

Neubert

Roddelkopf

et al. 2021

“…Recently, with the development of electronic devices, the demand for microsensor applications has been increased for improving the quality of human life. In particular, gas sensors such as electronic noses (e-noses) are being widely used in various electronic application fields, such as air-quality monitoring systems, hazardous gas detection systems, and healthcare systems [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. To date, various types of gas sensors have been developed based on different sensing materials and their specialized sensing mechanisms [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoresistive Sensor Readout Circuit Design for Detecting Gases with Slow Response Time Characteristics

Lee

Byun

et al. 2022

Based on an analysis of the signal characteristics of gas sensors, this work presents a chemoresistive sensor readout circuit design for detecting gases with slow response time characteristics. The proposed readout circuit directly generates a reference voltage corresponding to the initial value of the gas sensor and extracts only the amount of gas concentration change in the sensor. Because the proposed readout circuit can adaptively regenerate the suitable reference voltage under various changing ambient conditions, it can alleviate the variation in output values at the same gas concentration caused by non-uniformities among gas sensors. Furthermore, this readout circuit effectively eliminates the initial value shifts due to the poor reproducibility of the gas sensor itself without requiring complex digital signal calibrations. This work focuses on a commercially viable readout circuit structure that can effectively obtain slow response gas information without requiring a large capacitor. The proposed readout circuit operation was verified by simulations using spectre in cadence simulation software. It was then implemented on a printed circuit board with discrete components to confirm the effectiveness with existing gas sensor systems and its commercial viability.

“…These detectors and DAQ systems often operate under varying environmental conditions, workloads, and with a variety of sensors. A static system cannot be expected to be power and bandwidth-efficient under all conditions [2] and hence reconfigurability of the ROIC and sensor is highly desirable [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically Reconfigurable Data Readout of Pixel Detectors for Automatic Synchronization with Data Acquisition Systems

Fahim

Bianconi

Rabinowitz

et al. 2020

Reconfigurable detectors with dynamically selectable sensing and readout modes are highly desirable for implementing edge computing as well as enabling advanced imaging techniques such as foveation. The concept of a camera system capable of simultaneous passive imaging and dynamic ranging in different regions of the detector is presented. Such an adaptive-autonomous detector with both spatial and temporal control requires programmable window of exposure (time frames), ability to switch between readout modes such as full-frame imaging and zero-suppressed data, modification of the number of pixel data bits and independent programmability for distinct detector regions. In this work, a method is presented for seamlessly changing time frames and readout modes without data corruption while still ensuring that the data acquisition system (DAQ) does not need to stop and resynchronize at each change of setting, thus avoiding significant dead time. Data throughput is maximized by using a minimum unique data format, rather than lengthy frame headers, to differentiate between consecutive frames. A data control and transmitter (DCT) synchronizes data transfer from the pixel to the periphery, reconfigures the data to transmit it serially off-chip, while providing optimized decision support based on a DAQ definable mode. Measurements on a test structure demonstrate that the DCT can operate at 1 GHz in a 65 nm LP CMOS process.