2017
DOI: 10.1037/pag0000191
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A three-component model of future time perspective across adulthood.

Abstract: Although extensive findings underscore the relevance of future time perspective (FTP) in the process of aging, the assumption of FTP as a unifactorial construct has been challenged. The present study explores the factorial structure of the FTP scale (Carstensen & Lang, 1996) as one of the most widely used measures (Ntotal = 2,170). Results support that FTP reflects a higher-order construct that consists of 3 interrelated components-Opportunity, Extension, and Constraint. It is suggested that the flexible usage… Show more

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citations
Cited by 59 publications
(77 citation statements)
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References 100 publications
(123 reference statements)
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“…Additionally, in a study with unemployed job seekers, Zacher () factor analyzed the 10 OFTP items and identified 3 distinct dimensions: perceived remaining time, focus on opportunities, and focus on limitations. This three‐factor structure is consistent with research in the lifespan developmental literature (Cate & John, ; Rohr, John, Fung, & Lang, ). Specifically, Cate and John () argued that focus on opportunities and focus on limitations are not endpoints on the same underlying dimension, but that individuals can perceive limitations in their remaining lifetime, and also perceiving some remaining opportunities in the future.…”
Section: Occupational Future Time Perspectivesupporting
confidence: 87%
“…Additionally, in a study with unemployed job seekers, Zacher () factor analyzed the 10 OFTP items and identified 3 distinct dimensions: perceived remaining time, focus on opportunities, and focus on limitations. This three‐factor structure is consistent with research in the lifespan developmental literature (Cate & John, ; Rohr, John, Fung, & Lang, ). Specifically, Cate and John () argued that focus on opportunities and focus on limitations are not endpoints on the same underlying dimension, but that individuals can perceive limitations in their remaining lifetime, and also perceiving some remaining opportunities in the future.…”
Section: Occupational Future Time Perspectivesupporting
confidence: 87%
“…This three-factor structure is consistent with research in the lifespan developmental literature (Cate & John, 2007;Rohr, John, Fung, & Lang, 2017).…”
supporting
confidence: 77%
“…Sample items are "My future seems infinite to me," "I have the sense that time is running out," and "Many opportunities await me in the future." There is a debate on whether FTPS captures a one-factorial or multiple-factorial structure (e.g., Rohr et al, 2017). The one-factorial structure (Carstensen & Lang, 1996) was adopted in the current study.…”
Section: Measures For Construct Validationmentioning
confidence: 99%