A thready affair: linking fungal diversity and community dynamics to terrestrial decomposition processes

Wal, Annemieke van der; Geydan, Thomas D.; Kuyper, Thomas W.; Boer, Wietse de

doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12001

“…Also, the Ascomycete (Candida, Pichia, Debaryomyces, Hanseniaspora, Meyerozyma and Stephanoascus spp.) predominated over the Basidiomycete (Trichosporon, Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus) which is consistent with the literature considering that the Ascomycota phylum is larger than Basidiomycota [35] [36]. Fungi are known as saprophytic microbes that decompose a large range of organic matter, even the most complex and recalcitrant as lignocelluloses, especially the Basidiomycete are well known for this ability (for review see [37]).…”

Section: Yeast Collectionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Evaluation of Bioremediation Potential of a Yeast Collection Isolated from Composting

Trama¹,

Fernandes²,

Labuto³

et al. 2014

AiM

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The influence of xenobiotic compounds on environment and on living organisms has been reported as an imminent public health problem. Among them we can list the contamination by Alkanes present in petroleum, hydrocarbons and organic contaminant substances from industrial effluents. Also, heavy metals are of particular interest because of their persistence in the environment contaminating the food webs. Among the innovative solutions for treatment of contaminated water and soil is the use of biological materials like living or dead microorganisms. Yeasts exhibit the ability to adapt to extreme condition such as temperature, pH and levels of organic and inorganic contaminants that make them a potential material to be used to remediate contaminated environment application. The goal of this work was to search for yeast isolates capable to use n-hexadecane (alkane hydrocarbon) as a primary carbon source and for those able to tolerate high concentration of lead (Pb) within a collection of 90 isolates obtained from the São Paulo Zoo composting system. The isolated yeast strains were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and by sequencing of the ribosomal DNA (18S and D1/D2) conserved regions. We found that the collection bares 23 isolates capable of utilizing n-hexadecane and one which is able to tolerate high concentration of lead (Pb) with a high biosorption index compared to the reference yeast strains (BY4742, PE-2, CAT-1 and BG-1). These results confirm the initial hypothesis that the São Paulo Zoo composting is the source for diverse yeasts species with biotechnological application potential.

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“…In contrast to wood, microbial diversity is reported to accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter3132, and this is thought to represent a general pattern3334 (but see Creed et al 35. for leaf litter).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO2 emissions from dead wood in a natural forest

Schaefer

¹

,

Liu

²

,

Popescu

³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Wood decomposition releases almost as much CO2 to the atmosphere as does fossil-fuel combustion, so the factors regulating wood decomposition can affect global carbon cycling. We used metabarcoding to estimate the fungal species diversities of naturally colonized decomposing wood in subtropical China and, for the first time, compared them to concurrent measures of CO2 emissions. Wood hosting more diverse fungal communities emitted less CO2, with Shannon diversity explaining 26 to 44% of emissions variation. Community analysis supports a ‘pure diversity’ effect of fungi on decomposition rates and thus suggests that interference competition is an underlying mechanism. Our findings extend the results of published experiments using low-diversity, laboratory-inoculated wood to a high-diversity, natural system. We hypothesize that high levels of saprotrophic fungal biodiversity could be providing globally important ecosystem services by maintaining dead-wood habitats and by slowing the atmospheric contribution of CO2 from the world’s stock of decomposing wood. However, large-scale surveys and controlled experimental tests in natural settings will be needed to test this hypothesis.

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“…In contrast to wood, microbial diversity is reported to accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter 31,32 , and this is thought to represent a general pattern 33,34 (but see Creed et al 35 for leaf litter). We hypothesise that because soil organic matter presents a much higher diversity of resources than does dead wood, niche complementarity amongst decomposer species drives positive relationships between diversity and soil organic matter decomposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO₂emissions from dead wood in a natural forest: BioRxiv preprint

Schaefer

¹

,

Liu

²

,

Popescu

³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Wood decomposition releases almost as much CO 2 to the atmosphere as does fossil-fuel combustion, so the factors regulating wood decomposition can affect global carbon cycling. We used metabarcoding to estimate the fungal species diversities of naturally colonized decomposing wood in subtropical China and, for the first time, compared them to concurrent measures of CO 2 emissions. Wood hosting more diverse fungal communities emitted less CO 2 , with Shannon diversity explaining 26 to 44% of emissions variation. Community analysis supports a 'pure diversity' effect of fungi on decomposition rates and thus suggests that interference competition is an underlying mechanism. Our findings extend the results of published experiments using low-diversity, laboratory-inoculated wood to a highdiversity, natural system. We hypothesize that high levels of saprotrophic fungal biodiversity could be providing globally important ecosystem services by maintaining dead-wood habitats and by slowing the atmospheric contribution of CO 2 from the world's stock of decomposing wood. However, large-scale surveys and controlled experimental tests in natural settings will be needed to test this hypothesis.Global decomposition of wood releases CO 2 (6 to 9.5 Pg C/year 1,2,3 ) at similar rates to fossil-fuel combustion (9.5 Pg C/year in 2011 4 ). Decomposing wood also serves as essential habitat 5,6 . The factors controlling wood decomposition rates are therefore of broad importance to conservation and to carbon cycle-climate feedbacks.However, temperature and moisture variables only explain minority portions of total variance in decomposition rates 7,8 . For instance, Bradford et al. 9 reported that regional temperatures explain only 28% of local variance in mass loss.The diversity of wood-decomposing fungi might explain much of the remaining unexplained variance. In laboratory-inoculation experiments using small numbers of culturable fungal species, wood pieces with higher final fungal diversity exhibited reduced decay rates [10][11][12] . Inoculated wood placed in the field also showed a negative effect of final fungal species diversity on decay (R 2 = 0.15 13 ). However, in contrast to laboratory experiments, natural wood decomposition involves much higher species diversity, more complex assembly histories, and selective faunal feeding on decomposers [14][15][16] . Thus, it is important to examine the relationship between fungal diversity and decomposition rates in wood that is colonized and decomposing under natural conditions. Natural fungal communities can be characterized using metabarcoding 17 , in which nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions are PCR-amplified and read using high-throughput sequencing [18][19][20][21] . ITS1 and ITS2 are each sufficiently variable to differentiate fungal species 18,19 and return similar estimates of OTU (Operational Taxonomic Units) richness and community structure 19,22 . Here we metabarcoded ITS2 to examine fungal communities in naturally colonized wood pieces sampled across a...

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A thready affair: linking fungal diversity and community dynamics to terrestrial decomposition processes

Cited by 303 publications

References 239 publications

The Evaluation of Bioremediation Potential of a Yeast Collection Isolated from Composting

The Evaluation of Bioremediation Potential of a Yeast Collection Isolated from Composting

Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO2 emissions from dead wood in a natural forest

Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO₂emissions from dead wood in a natural forest: BioRxiv preprint

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A thready affair: linking fungal diversity and community dynamics to terrestrial decomposition processes

Cited by 303 publications

References 239 publications

The Evaluation of Bioremediation Potential of a Yeast Collection Isolated from Composting

The Evaluation of Bioremediation Potential of a Yeast Collection Isolated from Composting

Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO2 emissions from dead wood in a natural forest

Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO2emissions from dead wood in a natural forest: BioRxiv preprint

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Higher fungal diversity is correlated with lower CO₂emissions from dead wood in a natural forest: BioRxiv preprint