This study evaluated the biosorption of Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ at pHs 3, 4, 5 and 6 for Saccharomyces cerevisiae both alive and biologically inactivated by different heating procedures (oven, autoclave or spray dry technique originated from alcohol industry). The material inactivated by autoclave (IA, at 120°C, 30 min) had the best performance for metals uptake: 1.88 ± 0.07 (Cu 2+ ), 2.22 ± 0.02 (Cr 3+ ) and 1.57 ± 0.08 g kg -1 (Pb 2+ ). For Cd 2+ ; while the material inactivated by spray dry (RY) presented the higher sorption capacity, 2.30 ± 0.08 g kg -1 . The sorption studies showed that the biosorbent materials presented different sorption capacities and an ideal sorption pH. The sorption sites were investigated by potentiometric titration and FT-IR and showed that different heating processes used to inactivate biological samples produce materials with different characteristics and with a diverse sorption capacity due to modification of the available sorption sites. This suggests that inactivation by heating can be an alternative to improve the performance of biosorbents. The main sorption sites for each material were phenolic for live yeast (LY) and carboxylic for yeast inactivated by heating in an autoclave (IA). Sorção de metais por levedura viva e resíduo de levedura modificado por processos de aquecimento RESUMOSaccharomyces cerevisiae viva e biologicamente inativada por diferentes processos de aquecimento (forno, autoclave ou spray dry) foram empregadas para biossorção de Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , Pb 2+ e Cu 2+ em pHs 3, 4, 5 e 6. O material inativado por autoclave (IA, a 120°C, 30 min) teve o melhor desempenho para a sorção de metais: 1,88 ± 0,07 (Cu 2+ ), 2,22 ± 0,02 (Cr 3+ ) e 1,57 ± 0,08 g kg -1 (Pb 2+ ). Para Cd 2 + o material inativado por spray dry (RY) apresentou a maior capacidade de sorção, 2,30 ± 0,08 g kg -1 . Os estudos de sorção mostraram que os materiais
The influence of xenobiotic compounds on environment and on living organisms has been reported as an imminent public health problem. Among them we can list the contamination by Alkanes present in petroleum, hydrocarbons and organic contaminant substances from industrial effluents. Also, heavy metals are of particular interest because of their persistence in the environment contaminating the food webs. Among the innovative solutions for treatment of contaminated water and soil is the use of biological materials like living or dead microorganisms. Yeasts exhibit the ability to adapt to extreme condition such as temperature, pH and levels of organic and inorganic contaminants that make them a potential material to be used to remediate contaminated environment application. The goal of this work was to search for yeast isolates capable to use n-hexadecane (alkane hydrocarbon) as a primary carbon source and for those able to tolerate high concentration of lead (Pb) within a collection of 90 isolates obtained from the São Paulo Zoo composting system. The isolated yeast strains were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and by sequencing of the ribosomal DNA (18S and D1/D2) conserved regions. We found that the collection bares 23 isolates capable of utilizing n-hexadecane and one which is able to tolerate high concentration of lead (Pb) with a high biosorption index compared to the reference yeast strains (BY4742, PE-2, CAT-1 and BG-1). These results confirm the initial hypothesis that the São Paulo Zoo composting is the source for diverse yeasts species with biotechnological application potential.
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