A thermal precipitator for the deposition of airborne nanoparticles onto living cells—Rationale and development

Broßell, Dirk; Tröller, S.; Dziurowitz, Nico; Plitzko, Sabine; Linsel, G.; Asbach, C.; Azong-Wara, Nkwenti; Fißan, H.; Schmidt‐Ott, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.04.012

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Devices allowing electrostatic deposition of charged particles [23, 34] or thermal precipitation [35] have been introduced to improve deposition efficiency. For example, Panas et al [38] increased the deposition percentage of SiO 2 NMs of 50 nm from 0.5 to 11 % using an electromagnetic field.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to current technical limitations, the maximum doses achieved in these systems remain generally low compared to those achievable through suspension exposure. More recently, in order to improve the deposition rate, exposure devices using electrostatic deposition of charged particles [23, 34] or thermal precipitation [35] have been introduced. However, it has not yet been clearly defined whether in vitro simulation of in vivo exposure conditions to test NM toxicity gives more predictive results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air-liquid interface exposure to aerosols of poorly soluble nanomaterials induces different biological activation levels compared to exposure to suspensions

et al. 2016

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BackgroundRecently, much progress has been made to develop more physiologic in vitro models of the respiratory system and improve in vitro simulation of particle exposure through inhalation. Nevertheless, the field of nanotoxicology still suffers from a lack of relevant in vitro models and exposure methods to predict accurately the effects observed in vivo, especially after respiratory exposure. In this context, the aim of our study was to evaluate if exposing pulmonary cells at the air-liquid interface to aerosols of inhalable and poorly soluble nanomaterials generates different toxicity patterns and/or biological activation levels compared to classic submerged exposures to suspensions. Three nano-TiO2 and one nano-CeO2 were used. An exposure system was set up using VitroCell® devices to expose pulmonary cells at the air-liquid interface to aerosols. A549 alveolar cells in monocultures or in co-cultures with THP-1 macrophages were exposed to aerosols in inserts or to suspensions in inserts and in plates. Submerged exposures in inserts were performed, using similar culture conditions and exposure kinetics to the air-liquid interface, to provide accurate comparisons between the methods. Exposure in plates using classical culture and exposure conditions was performed to provide comparable results with classical submerged exposure studies. The biological activity of the cells (inflammation, cell viability, oxidative stress) was assessed at 24 h and comparisons of the nanomaterial toxicities between exposure methods were performed.ResultsDeposited doses of nanomaterials achieved using our aerosol exposure system were sufficient to observe adverse effects. Co-cultures were more sensitive than monocultures and biological responses were usually observed at lower doses at the air-liquid interface than in submerged conditions. Nevertheless, the general ranking of the nanomaterials according to their toxicity was similar across the different exposure methods used.ConclusionsWe showed that exposure of cells at the air-liquid interface represents a valid and sensitive method to assess the toxicity of several poorly soluble nanomaterials. We underlined the importance of the cellular model used and offer the possibility to deal with low deposition doses by using more sensitive and physiologic cellular models. This brings perspectives towards the use of relevant in vitro methods of exposure to assess nanomaterial toxicity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0171-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-liquid interface exposure to aerosols of poorly soluble nanomaterials induces different biological activation levels compared to exposure to suspensions

et al. 2016

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“…Particle suspension can be used to expose cells to access cellular effects (Watson et al 2014; Lu et al 2015; Sisler et al 2015) or to study in vivo biological responses by intratracheal instillation (Pirela et al 2013; Pirela et al 2016). Moreover, Ecig-EGS can be connected to air-liquid–interface platform to directly expose cells to e-cig aerosol emission (Brobell et al 2013). Ecig-EGS can also be used to provide output for in vivo animal inhalation studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of electronic-cigarette exposure generation system (Ecig-EGS) for the physico-chemical and toxicological assessment of electronic cigarette emissions

Zhao¹,

Pyrgiotakis²,

Demokritou³

2016

Inhalation Toxicology

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Electronic cigarettes (e-cig) have been introduced as a nicotine replacement therapy and have gained increasing attention and popularity. However, while findings on possible toxicological implications continue to grow, major knowledge gaps on both the complex chemistry of the exposure and toxicity exist, prohibiting public health assessors from assessing risks. Here a versatile electronic cigarette exposure generation system (Ecig-EGS) has been developed and characterized. Ecig-EGS allows generation of real world e-cig emission profiles under controlled operational conditions, real time monitoring and time-integrated particle/gas sampling for physico-chemical characterization, and toxicological assessment (both in vitro and in vivo). The platform is highly versatile and can be used with all e-cig types. It enables generation of precisely controlled e-cig exposure while critical operational parameters and environmental mixing conditions can be adjusted in a systematic manner to assess their impact on complex chemistry and toxicity of emissions. Results proved the versatility and reproducibility of Ecig-EGS. E-cig emission was found to contain 106 – 107 particles/cm3 with the mode diameter around 200nm, under air change rate of 60/h. Elevated CO2 and volatile organic specie generation was also observed. Furthermore, environmental mixing conditions also influenced e-cig emission profile. The versatility of Ecig-EGS will enable linking of operational and environmental parameters with exposure chemistry and toxicology and help in assessing health risks.

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“…However, these devices exhibited low sampling rate and dynamic range, conversion problems between measured light intensities and actual particle size. Accurate sample size data could be enabled by microscopy techniques . However, these techniques needed separate measurement and analysis, significantly extending the result preparation duration.…”

Section: Applications In Field Research and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable Multiplex Optical Assays

Coşkun

Topkaya

Yetisen

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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performed at home and results can be integrated by online interfaces. [5] The test results and diagnostic information can be analyzed by the medical professionals from remote locations, improving the connectivity of central hubs to the public venues.Numerous scientific discoveries have been made in advanced settings and wellequipped laboratories. The necessity and complexity of these environments limit access to research equipment worldwide. Thus, decentralization of research laboratories has become an alternative solution to improve access to experimentation in field conditions. For instance, a paper origami microscope [6] that fit into a palm of a student made a powerful investigation tool for environment and materials. A detailed analysis of sound recordings by smartphones enabled identification of distinct mosquitoes. [7] These fielddeployable devices and platforms have stimulated emergence of citizen scientists, a population that collectively performs scientific inquiries in public settings.Rich biomolecular measurements from field-portable devices improve the quality of results in terms of accuracy and depth. Monitoring multiple blood markers has enabled diagnostic precision and thorough scientific investigation of blood constituent in patients. Therefore, field-deployable devices should ideally have multiplexed detection of target specimens. Design of such multiplexed detection technologies requires decent complexity at low cost for wide-scale adoptability.In this article, we provide an overview of field-compatible devices with high parameter analysis capabilities for both health monitoring purposes and scientifically enlightening Global health issues are increasingly becoming critical with high fatality rate due to chronic and infectious diseases. Emerging technologies aim to address these problems by understanding the causes of lethal conditions and diagnosing symptoms at early stage. Existing commercial diagnostics primarily focus on single-plex assays due to ease-of-use, simplicity in analysis, and amenability to mass manufacturing. Many research grade devices have utilized only a few molecular and morphological signatures in bodily fluids. However, multiplex devices can improve accuracy, sensitivity, and scalability of research and diagnostic devices. This review presents multiplex assays that utilize optical, electrical, and chemical methods and materials that have the potential to improve portable point-of-care diagnostics. The critical role of emerging optical and complementary assays with multiple contrast mechanisms is investigated to enable highly multiplex analysis in field settings. Multiparameter portable devices for field applications toward health monitoring, food testing, air quality monitoring, and microanalysis in other extreme conditions are examined. Current trends indicate the need for validation of health diagnosis based on a large number of biomarkers in randomized clinical trials. Advanced digital analysis, crowdsourced solutions, and robust user interfaces will become an integral ...

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A thermal precipitator for the deposition of airborne nanoparticles onto living cells—Rationale and development

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Air-liquid interface exposure to aerosols of poorly soluble nanomaterials induces different biological activation levels compared to exposure to suspensions

Air-liquid interface exposure to aerosols of poorly soluble nanomaterials induces different biological activation levels compared to exposure to suspensions

Development and characterization of electronic-cigarette exposure generation system (Ecig-EGS) for the physico-chemical and toxicological assessment of electronic cigarette emissions

Portable Multiplex Optical Assays

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