Portable Multiplex Optical Assays

Abstract

performed at home and results can be integrated by online interfaces. [5] The test results and diagnostic information can be analyzed by the medical professionals from remote locations, improving the connectivity of central hubs to the public venues.Numerous scientific discoveries have been made in advanced settings and wellequipped laboratories. The necessity and complexity of these environments limit access to research equipment worldwide. Thus, decentralization of research laboratories has become an alternative solution to improve access to experimentation in field conditions. For instance, a paper origami microscope [6] that fit into a palm of a student made a powerful investigation tool for environment and materials. A detailed analysis of sound recordings by smartphones enabled identification of distinct mosquitoes. [7] These fielddeployable devices and platforms have stimulated emergence of citizen scientists, a population that collectively performs scientific inquiries in public settings.Rich biomolecular measurements from field-portable devices improve the quality of results in terms of accuracy and depth. Monitoring multiple blood markers has enabled diagnostic precision and thorough scientific investigation of blood constituent in patients. Therefore, field-deployable devices should ideally have multiplexed detection of target specimens. Design of such multiplexed detection technologies requires decent complexity at low cost for wide-scale adoptability.In this article, we provide an overview of field-compatible devices with high parameter analysis capabilities for both health monitoring purposes and scientifically enlightening Global health issues are increasingly becoming critical with high fatality rate due to chronic and infectious diseases. Emerging technologies aim to address these problems by understanding the causes of lethal conditions and diagnosing symptoms at early stage. Existing commercial diagnostics primarily focus on single-plex assays due to ease-of-use, simplicity in analysis, and amenability to mass manufacturing. Many research grade devices have utilized only a few molecular and morphological signatures in bodily fluids. However, multiplex devices can improve accuracy, sensitivity, and scalability of research and diagnostic devices. This review presents multiplex assays that utilize optical, electrical, and chemical methods and materials that have the potential to improve portable point-of-care diagnostics. The critical role of emerging optical and complementary assays with multiple contrast mechanisms is investigated to enable highly multiplex analysis in field settings. Multiparameter portable devices for field applications toward health monitoring, food testing, air quality monitoring, and microanalysis in other extreme conditions are examined. Current trends indicate the need for validation of health diagnosis based on a large number of biomarkers in randomized clinical trials. Advanced digital analysis, crowdsourced solutions, and robust user interfaces will become an integral ...

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