A Theoretical Study of the Land and Sea Breeze Circulation

Neumann, J.; Mahrer, Yitzhak

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0532:atsotl>2.0.co;2

Cited by 94 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The diurnal variation of vertical circulation is related to the diurnal oscillation of near-surface anomalous wind, which may be associated with the land-sea breeze. The vertical circulation itself, however, is not exactly the same as the classical land and sea breezes studied by Neumann and Mahrer [47] and Rotunno [48], who pointed out that the land-sea breeze circulation mainly occurs in the boundary layer. Here, in the case of this study, the vertical motion actually penetrates deep into the upper level and, hence, is not a vertical circulation solely caused by the land-sea breeze.…”

Section: Diurnal Variation Of Horizontal and Vertical Circulation Alomentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation of Rainfall Associated with Tropical Depression in South China and its Relationship to Land-Sea Contrast and Topography

Yuchun

2013

Atmosphere

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Convective precipitation associated with tropical depression (TD) is one primary type of post-flooding season rainfall in South China (SC). Observations of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite have shown specific diurnal features of convective rainfall in South China, which is somewhat different from that in other seasons or regions of China. Convective precipitation is usually organized into a rainfall band along the southeastern coast of South China in the early morning hours. The rainfall band develops and intensifies quickly in the morning, then moves inland in the afternoon and, finally, diminishes at night. The daily convective rainfall along the coast is much more than that in the inland region, and heavy rainfall is often found along the coast. A long-duration heavy rainfall event associated with tropical depression "Fitow" during the period from 28 August to 6 September 2001, is selected in this study to explore the diurnal feature of convective rainfall and its formation mechanism. Modeling results of the 10-day heavy rainfall event are compared with both rain-gauge observation and satellite-retrieved rainfall. Total precipitation and its spatial distribution, as well as diurnal variations are reasonably simulated and agree well with observations. Further analysis reveals that the development and movement of convective precipitation is mainly related to the land and sea breezes. The anomalous height-latitudinal circulation in the morning-to-noon hours is completely reversed in the afternoon-to-late-evening hours, with the convective rainfall swinging back and forth, following its updraft branch. Sensitivity experiments show that the afternoon convective rainfall in the inland region of SC is caused by the diurnal variation of solar radiation forcing. The mountain range along the coast and the complex topography in the inland region of SC plays a critical role in the enhancement of diurnal convective rainfall everywhere. The formation of a heavy rainfall band along the OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2014, 5 17 southeastern coast of SC and the diurnal variation of the rainfall pattern are mainly the results of the land-sea thermal contrast.

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Section: Diurnal Variation Of Horizontal and Vertical Circulation Alomentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation of Rainfall Associated with Tropical Depression in South China and its Relationship to Land-Sea Contrast and Topography

Yuchun

2013

Atmosphere

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“…Magata (1955) introduced the heat budget equation in deciding the ground temperature and made some interesting numerical experiments under various conditions. Neuman and Mahrer (1971) modified Estoque's model. In their model, the hydrostatic assumption was removed and continuity equation was used directly for mass conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on the Effects of Mountains on the Land and Sea Breeze Circulation in the Kanto District

Kikuchi

Arakawa²,

Kimur³

et al. 1981

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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A three-dimensional numerical model of the land and sea breezes allowing mountain effect was developed. The system of governing equations is so-callde Boussinesq hydrostatic one, using z*-coordinate system as a vertical coordinate which refers the lower and upper boundaries to the ground surface and the upper surface of the model, respectively.The model atmosphere with a vertical scale of 2800 m and a horizontal scale of 217.5 km is divided vertically into 12 layers and horizontally into 30*30 grids with 7.5 km mesh.It is assumed that the surface temperature on sea is constant but that on land changes sinusoidally with a constant diurnal range around the mean temperature at each level. Temperature contrast induced by the above mechanism causes the land and sea breezes and the mountain and valley winds. By using this model, some experiments were carried out for studying the influence of mountains on the land and sea breezes in the case of the Kanto district.In mountain-free model, the most prominent sea breeze circulation was restricted within about 40 km from sea shore. The local circulations simulated by the model including mountain effects are in good agreement with observation in the Kanto district. The experimental results show that the mountain and valley winds appear earlier than the appearance of the land and sea breeze circulation.But this phenomenon is not yet confirmed by observation.

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“…Numerous analytical and model derived studies on the SB behavior over Israel have been published. In one of the earliest studies, Neumann and Mahrer (1971) improved Estoque's model based on some modifications made so as to circumvent the violation of mass concentration. Alpert et al (1982) developed a model to simulate the sudden incursion of the cool Mediterranean SBF to the EM in the summer months, however, they pointed at inaccuracies in the model's prediction of the time of onset of the strong winds characterizing the SBF penetration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Continuous detection and characterization of the Sea Breeze in clear sky conditions using Meteosat Second Generation

Lensky

Dayan

2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The sea breeze (SB) is a thermally induced boundary layer phenomenon that occurs at coastal locations throughout the world. Previous satellite remote sensing studies used low-level clouds formed over the sea-breeze convergence zones to identify the SB. In this study continuous thermal infrared data from a geostationary satellite (Meteosat Second Generation) and concurrent field measurements were used to detect and characterize the SB in clear sky conditions during the summer. Surface data (wind speed and direction) from 11 sites over Israel for ten summer days in July 2010 for three different synoptic circulation categories were selected.In order to assess the impact of the synoptic induced flow on the SB, we looked for the best agreement between surface and satellite SB timing. An independent classification of synoptic categories performed for the ten summer days revealed two distinct patterns of the SB. During weak horizontal pressure gradient (Weak Persian Trough and High to the West), which enables full development of the SB, the timing of the SB from satellite and field measurements were well correlated (R 2 = 0.75), as compared to unfavorable atmospheric conditions (Deep Persian Trough) yielding lower value (R 2 = 0.5). The SB was identified by surface measurements in an earlier time of the day, with respect to the satellite column integrated measurements.Visualizing timing of the SB retrieved from satellite data enabled distinction of SB behavior under different synoptic categories. Over desert regions the strong thermal contrast enables detection of the SB even under suppressing synoptic conditions (Deep Persian Trough).This method enables detection and timing of the SB over desert regions where clouds and field measurements are scarce, and is applicable worldwide.

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A Theoretical Study of the Land and Sea Breeze Circulation

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Diurnal Variation of Rainfall Associated with Tropical Depression in South China and its Relationship to Land-Sea Contrast and Topography

Diurnal Variation of Rainfall Associated with Tropical Depression in South China and its Relationship to Land-Sea Contrast and Topography

Numerical Study on the Effects of Mountains on the Land and Sea Breeze Circulation in the Kanto District

Continuous detection and characterization of the Sea Breeze in clear sky conditions using Meteosat Second Generation

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