“…Doing so will open a wide range of potential applications in transport-related research. For example, the method can provide information that can be used to analyze the major scattering sources in materials for conductivity improvement, to help engineer the types and concentrations of scattering centers to enhance the efficiency of Peltier cooling and/or thermoelectricity generating, and to help design various sensors, including thermocouples 98 , thermopiles 98 , electrical converters 99 , 100 , vacuum sensors 101 , 102 , flow sensors 103 , 104 , radiation sensors 105 , 106 , and special chemical sensors 107 , 108 , using the Seebeck effect.…”