A Terahertz Modulator Based on Graphene Plasmonic Waveguide

Xiao, Binggang; Sun, Runliang; He, Jiayuan; Kang, Qin; Kong, Sheng; Chen, Jing; Wang, Xiumin

doi:10.1109/lpt.2015.2454516

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Modulation technology is the basis of modern communication systems, including plasmonic ones (Xiao et al, 2015;Zhang, Sun et al, 2016). A 70 GHz plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator was reported with a dramatic reduction of size, low energy consumption, and ultrahigh speed (Haffner et al, 2015).…”

Section: B Active Devices Based On Spoof Spsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoof surface plasmon photonics

et al. 2022

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In undergraduate courses on classical electromagnetism, it is taught that a perfect conductor expels the electromagnetic (EM) field, and hence its surface is not able to support the propagation of bound EM waves. However, when the surface of a perfect conductor is structured at a length scale much smaller than the operating wavelength, geometrically induced surface EM modes can be supported. Owing to their similarities with the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the optical regime, these surface EM modes were named spoof surface plasmons. The concept of spoof surface plasmons has opened up a new line of research within plasmonics with the aim of transferring all the potentialities of SPPs in the optical regime to lower frequencies (microwave, terahertz, and midinfrared regimes) in which a metal behaves as a quasiperfect conductor. In recent years, several research groups have extended this concept from planar surfaces to waveguides, and eventually to resonators, covering the entire range of structures studied in standard plasmonics. This review provides a detailed perspective on the recent developments in spoof surface plasmon photonics from both the fundamental and applied sides.

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Section: B Active Devices Based On Spoof Spsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spoof surface plasmon photonics

et al. 2022

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“…Modulation depth of above 70% were predicted when an optimized structure, consisting of three ribbons is fabricated. [ 132 ] In the same year, Locatelli et al. presented their theoretical studies of a dielectric waveguide were graphene is deposited on the surface, i.e., only the evanescent field is propagating in the graphene layer.…”

Section: Thz Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D THz Optoelectronics

Mittendorff

Winnerl

Murphy

2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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The terahertz (THz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum spans the gap between optics and electronics and has historically suffered from a paucity of optoelectronic devices, in large part because of inadequate optical materials that function in this spectral range. 2D materials, including graphene and a growing family of related van der Waals materials, have been shown to exhibit unusual optical and electrical properties that can enable diverse new applications in the THz regime. In this review, some of the unusual properties of 2D materials that make them promising for THz applications are explained, the recent work in the field of 2D THz optoelectronics is summarized, and the challenges and opportunities that await this promising new field are outlined.

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“…Locatelli et al propose a waveguide structure with graphene on top as well as a coupler with a graphene sheet between two waveguides to modulate the coupling efficiency . Xiao et al present a different solution by integrating the graphene into a plasmonic waveguide . Here we present a THz modulator based on a large-area graphene sheet in combination with a dielectric waveguide.…”

Section: Modes In Dielectric Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Xiao et al present a different solution by integrating the graphene into a plasmonic waveguide. 22 Here we present a THz modulator based on a large-area graphene sheet in combination with a dielectric waveguide. With this combination we achieved a broadband modulation depth of around 90%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Waveguide-Integrated Terahertz Modulator

Mittendorff

Murphy

2017

ACS Photonics

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One of the major difficulties in the development of optoelectronic THz modulators is finding an active material that allows for large modulation depth. Graphene is a promising candidate because in the terahertz regime it behaves as a Drude metal with conductivity that can be electrostatically tuned through the application of a gate voltage. However, the maximum absorption incurred when a terahertz signal passes through a monolayer of graphene is still only on the order of 10−20%, even for the highest practically achievable carrier concentrations. We demonstrate here a THz modulator that overcomes this fundamental limitation by incorporating a graphene sheet on the surface of a passive silicon dielectric waveguide, in which the evanescent field penetrates the graphene sheet. By applying a gate voltage to the graphene sheet, a modulation depth of up to 50% was achieved. The performance of the modulator is confirmed through electromagnetic simulations, which give further insights into the spatial structure of the guided mode and polarization dependence of the modulation. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the modulation depth can be increased to over 90% by integrating the graphene sheet at the center of the waveguide.

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A Terahertz Modulator Based on Graphene Plasmonic Waveguide

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Spoof surface plasmon photonics

Spoof surface plasmon photonics

2D THz Optoelectronics

Graphene-Based Waveguide-Integrated Terahertz Modulator

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