A technique for compression testing of composite rings

Kugler, Danielle; Moon, Tessie J

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(01)00144-0

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The permanent radial deformation of the carbon ring is between 0.07 and 0.17 mm, showing that it bears the deformation at 150 MPa. Eventual fracture of the carbon fibre/epoxy ring as described below did not result in an unstable stress-strain characteristic with sudden drop in normal load or increase in vertical indentation as it was observed by Kugler et al [15], showing that present failure was not catastrophic.…”

Section: Static and Dynamic Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Pressurized ring tests for composite pressure vessel hoop strength and stiffness [20] also not apply: In this process it is assumed that the ring collapses when the first hoop (inner-most hoop) ply fails. Kugler et al [15] proposed an axial loading method for thick rings (up to 140 mm internal diameter and 38 mm thick), with radial inward expansion due to the Poisson effect leading to radial compressive stresses. This stress state implies a hydrostatic radial pressure on the outside of the composite ring, with 500 to 600 MPa hoop stress and 90 to 140 MPa radial stress at failure for carbon fibre/ polysulfone rings.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Various Testing Methods and Small-scale Famentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to experimental work, this retaining action was attributed to creep of the central UHMWPE part with a decrease in initial clearance between the bearing element and the sample holder [8]. Tensile hoop stresses are however not the critical factor for failure, in contrast to Kugler [15]. Within a crosssection of the CFR-E ring under maximum normal load, it reveals that the transverse shear stress is reasonably low for zones without compressive stresses s XX and s ZZ, while it is considerably higher for zones subjected to compressive s XX and s YY , rising towards 80 MPa.…”

Section: Full-scale Finite Element Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture Assessment of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Reinforcing Rings through a Combination of Full-Scale Testing, Small-Scale Testing and Stress Modeling

Samyn

Schepdael²,

Paepegem

et al. 2006

Appl Compos Mater

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Carbon fibre/epoxy rings are used as radial reinforcement for polymer bearing elements with nominal diameter 250 mm functioning under 150 MPa. Fullscale static and dynamic testing revealed no catastrophic failure for loading to 400 MPa, although there was circumferential splitting of carbon fibres at the machined top edge causing counterface wear under sliding. A combined numericalexperimental analysis was applied for design improvement with a representative small-scale qualification test on the real ring geometry, inducing additional stress concentrations compared to ASTM standards. Full-scale modelling revealed high radial-axial shear stresses (33 MPa) in non-hydrostatically loaded zones, while it increased towards 104 MPa under hydrostatic load conditions. The former is the most critical and should be simulated either on a small-scale unidirectional compression test or on a representative short beam shear test, respectively, measuring the radial-axial or radial-tangential shear strength. A relation between both smallscale states of stress was experimentally and numerically studied, experiencing that the composite ring has lower radial-tangential shear stress compared to radial-axial shear stress as a different hydrostatic stress state is observed in the bulk of the composite ring. As a compressive test is however more difficult to perform than a short-beam-shear test, a representative design criterion for shear fracture is determined from failure at 27 kN normal load in a short-beam-shear test. Finally, Appl Compos Mater (2006) 13: 57-85 fracture is avoided by optimising the cross-sectional geometry of the composite reinforcing ring and close control of the processing parameters.

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Section: Static and Dynamic Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Interpretation Of Various Testing Methods and Small-scale Famentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Full-scale Finite Element Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture Assessment of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Reinforcing Rings through a Combination of Full-Scale Testing, Small-Scale Testing and Stress Modeling

Samyn

Schepdael²,

Paepegem

et al. 2006

Appl Compos Mater

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“…One reported concept uses the Poisson effect of some compliant material, e.g., high density polyethylene (HDPE) or rubber to transform an axial deformation into radially acting pressure on the composite ring. [59] This concept has the benefit of achieving a uniform compressive stress distribution in all cross sections. For thin rings, the stress gradient is very small.…”

Section: Outside Pressurized Rings and Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression Fatigue Testing Setups for Composites—A Review

Baumann

Hausmann

2020

Adv Eng Mater

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Continuous fiber reinforced plastics show major advantages in tensile loading conditions. This is especially true for cyclic loading due to the good fatigue performance provided by glass and carbon fibers. However, it is widely accepted that compressive loading is a critical load case for most composites. For fiber reinforced plastics, this is mostly due to instabilities on different length scales-beginning at the smallest scale with microbuckling of single fibers to instabilities of fiber bundles, namely, fiber kinking, up to global buckling of the hole laminate. The sequence of events is hard to discern for quasi-static testing, and often, it remains unclear as to the cause of failure. This is even more the case for compressive fatigue testing. Different approaches can be found in the literature on how fatigue tests should be performed. A mandatory requirement for reliable design data is tested under conditions found in subsequently manufactured components. Therefore, it is generally sought to prevent the global buckling while allowing for all other damage mechanisms to take place. Two main testing strategies for axially loaded plates or strip-like specimens can be identified to achieve this goal. One common strategy is shortening the gauge length to a value where global buckling occurs after compressive failure. The second approach uses anti-buckling guides to prevent global buckling. These testing strategies are established methods for static compression testing and are sometimes also used for fatigue testing. However, the number of fixtures in both approaches is numerous, and only some of the fixtures are viable for fatigue testing. These generally accepted methods for compression testing are supplemented by different specimen geometries or loading conditions. A generalized overview is given in Figure 1. The aim of this review is to evaluate the applicability of these testing methods in terms of compressive fatigue testing, namely, loading ratios (load ratio R < 0 and R > 1) containing compressive loads. The evaluation is based on the reported use of a test setup or by discussion of pros and cons of setups for quasi-static testing. This approach is necessary, as the number of reported works on compressive fatigue testing is sparse. This review is structured by testing type rather than chronological order. Before evaluating compression testing methods, a quick summary of failure modes observed in static compression testing is given along with the damage progression under compressive fatigue loading. The review of testing methods then starts with axially loaded flat specimens. In the second and third parts, work on bending tests and tubular specimens is reviewed, respectively. 2. Failure Modes 2.1. Compressive Failure Modes in Fiber Reinforced Composites The properties of fiber reinforced plastics depend mainly on the type of reinforcement chosen as well as the stacking sequence of layers within a laminate. For compressive loads, the matrix

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“…The equipments apply static liquid pressure using polytetrafluoroethylene to the outside of the ring specimen at the same time, which influences the crack forming type of the ring specimen composed of composite material in the compression process under different conditions. 8 Research reports covering aspects of deformation in compression are mostly limited to simple cylinders or ring billets from above. As lightweight alloy requirements in the manufacture area increase, the proportion of the special shape aluminum alloy significantly increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation behavior in the compression process of L-shaped aluminum alloy components

Liang

et al. 2011

JOM

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How would you……describe the overall significance of this paper? In order to discover the deformation mechanism in compression, L-shaped components of aluminum alloy are taken as specimen to investigate the influence of metal flow and deformation behavior in the forming process....describe this work to a materials science and engineering professional with no experience in your technical specialty? Research reports covering aspects of deformation in compression are mostly limited to simple cylinders or ring billets from above. As lightweight alloy requirements in the manufacture area increase, the proportion of the special shape aluminum alloy significantly increases. …describe this work to a layperson?The paper investigates deformation behavior in the compression process of L-shaped aluminum alloy, and verifies the technological experiments results. A theory has been established for 7075 L-shaped aluminum alloy compression deformation behavior research and developed for making a special billet compression deformation plan of large complex components in the prefabricated working procedure.In order to discover the deformation mechanism in compression, L-shaped components of aluminum alloy are taken as specimen to investigate the influence of metal flow and deformation behavior in the forming process. Research results show that when the sectional shape is fixed, the range of plastic zone in the deformation body is expanded with the increase of the height of the billet. In addition, the deformation billet has a tendency to change from convexity both inside and outside to convexity inside outside and concavity outside inside, and the complexity degree of deformation also increases. Flow interface in the deformation body deviates along the radial direction to the inside billet gradually. Moreover, when the height of billet is a constant, the flow interface disappears and the metal on the deformation billet has an outflow tendency entirely. The results agree with the numerical simulation through experiments verification.

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A technique for compression testing of composite rings

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Fracture Assessment of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Reinforcing Rings through a Combination of Full-Scale Testing, Small-Scale Testing and Stress Modeling

Fracture Assessment of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Reinforcing Rings through a Combination of Full-Scale Testing, Small-Scale Testing and Stress Modeling

Compression Fatigue Testing Setups for Composites—A Review

Deformation behavior in the compression process of L-shaped aluminum alloy components

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