A Tale of Two Types of Perspective Taking

Tarampi, Margaret R.; Heydari, Nahal; Hegarty, Mary

doi:10.1177/0956797616667459

Cited by 121 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Stereotype threat not only affects test performance but can also evoke more negative attitudes toward stereotyped domains (Good et al 2012). This phenomenon has been increasingly investigated in a wide range of domains such as mathematics (e.g., Aronson et al 1999), intelligence (e.g., McKay et al 2002), spatial orientation (e.g., Tarampi et al 2016) and memory (e.g., Chasteen et al 2005). The effect has been shown to occur especially when the tasks were difficult (Spencer et al 1999) or required new solving strategies (Carr and Steele 2009).…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotype threat as an antecedent to domain identification and achievement in language arts in boys: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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A substantial number of experimental studies on stereotype threat explores performance of girls in mathematics. Only few concentrated on gender differences favoring girls in language performance. However, gender differences in a reading test in the Program for International Student Assessment are three times larger than in mathematics. Considerable research indicates that gender differences in achievement and academic attitudes are partly explained by stereotype threat. In this study, using structural equation modeling on representative data from a sample of schoolboys in three age cohorts, we examined the associations of repeated experiences of stereotype threat and two outcome variables: language achievement and domain identification with language arts. We demonstrated that working memory and intellectual helplessness were predicted by the level of stereotype threat. Moving beyond past work, we showed that the indirect effect explaining domain identification through intellectual helplessness was significant in older cohorts. Additionally, the indirect effect linking stereotype threat and language achievement through working memory was not significant in the oldest cohort. In this group, language identification significantly predicted language achievement. These results offer a tentative support of our prediction about a cumulative effect of stereotype threat on domain identification. The present study enriches a small but growing body of literature examining stereotype threat in male samples. Moreover, it identifies a new mediational path by which stereotype threat may be translated into lower domain identification and in turn lower language achievement.

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Section: Introduction and Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotype threat as an antecedent to domain identification and achievement in language arts in boys: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…No gender differences were found in PTSOT or STAT gains. Some work has suggested that there is a sex difference in PTSOT performance [49], while others did not find differences [50]. We have not found previous information on gender data with the STAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Think Spatially With Game Engine

Carrera

Gunalp

Saorín

et al. 2020

IJGI

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Spatial thinking and spatial orientation skills are involved in tasks related to the recognition of landforms, mapping, spatial interpretation, and landscape analysis, and can be developed with specific training. Game engines can facilitate the creation of 3D virtual landforms and provide powerful rendering engines for the graphical representation of landscapes from a first-person perspective. In the present research, 27 engineering students participated in a workshop in a first-person virtual environment using landforms created with a game engine. The Spatial Thinking Ability Test and the Perspective Taking-Spatial Orientation Test measured improvement in spatial thinking and spatial orientation as a result of this workshop. The gain in spatial thinking (8.31%) is within the range observed in previous research in the field of geography using a web-based GIS strategy (7.31%–10.00%). The gain in Spatial Orientation skill (15.76%) is comparable with previous research using both first-person strategies based in urban virtual environments (14.23%), and Spatial Data Infrastructures (gains between 21.17% and 21.34%). Participants with better self-reported sense of direction had better performance on the spatial orientation test.

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“…Given that VSP taking did not occur in a spatial memory-based task (Kelly et al, 2018), it is important that the affordance of co-users is always displayed in a smart home controller for effective interface design. In addition, the human figure affordance (Tarampi et al, 2016) is suitable for mental simulation to deal with information such as SA Level 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking Others' Perspectives Enhances Situation Awareness in the Smart Home Interface

Han

2019

Front. Psychol.

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In the smart home environment, all devices are connected to each other and are shared by co-users living together. This may make people's interactions with the devices more complicated, owing not only to the difficulty of meeting each co-user's tastes with respect to how the devices operate, but also to variations in the frequency of device use among family members. If so, it is inevitable that using multiple devices by multiple users can lead to difficulty maintaining situation awareness. Therefore, to relieve such interaction problems caused by the presence of co-users, we examined the effect of spontaneous visuospatial perspective taking on situation awareness with respect to the smart home interface. To this end, we measured whether merely the affordance of other users can elicit spontaneous visuospatial perspective-taking, replicating previous research. We also examined whether the affordances of other users can help enhance situation awareness in the mock-up smart home interface design we created. When participants adopted affordances of other users' perspectives, they could easily perceive the information about the devices. However, when they viewed the devices from other's perspective, their understanding of devices mainly used by the self-remained relatively low. Potential reasons for these findings are discussed along with proposals for future research.

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A Tale of Two Types of Perspective Taking

Cited by 121 publications

References 32 publications

Stereotype threat as an antecedent to domain identification and achievement in language arts in boys: a cross-sectional study

Stereotype threat as an antecedent to domain identification and achievement in language arts in boys: a cross-sectional study

Think Spatially With Game Engine

Taking Others' Perspectives Enhances Situation Awareness in the Smart Home Interface

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