A Tale of Three Sisters: Reconstructing the Holocene glacial history and paleoclimate record at Three Sisters Volcanoes, Oregon, United States

Climatic and Spatial Variations of Mount Rainier's Glaciers for the Last 12,000 Years

“…The accumulation rates on Mount Rainier are similar to other Washington glaciers, but the ablation rates are much lower. The accumulation rate on the lower Nisqually Glacier (30 cm/IOO m) is similar to calculations for the east side of Three Sisters, OR (32 cm/100 m), and inferred from South Cascade Glacier, WA (34 cm/IOO m) (Marcott, 2005;Rasmussen and Conway, 2001). The overall accumulation rate for the Nisqually Glacier that I used that included the western SNOTEL sites (12 cm/100 m), and the accumulation rate for Emmons (13 cm/100 m), are similar to the accumulation rate for the Blue Glacier, WA (13 cm/100 m) (Rasmussen and others, 2000).…”

“…In Chapter 4.1, the glaciological reconstruction of climate for the three known reconstructed by Heine (1998) and would have required a A.O°C to -7.3°C temperature depression with +83 em to + lSI em of additional winter water equivalent snowpaek. The similarly dated post-LGM advance on Three Sisters, OR required an ELA depression of -160 m to -360 m from 1995 data and a temperature decrease of -0.9°C to -1.9°C and a winter precipitation increase of + 50 to + 120 em (Marcott and others, 2009 (Marcott, 2005;Marcott and others, 2009;Osborn and others, 2007;Osborn and others, 2007).…”

Spatial and morphological change of Eliot Glacier, Mount Hood, Oregon

“…Lillquist ( 1989) identified LIA moraines on Mount Hood and possibly moraines dating to approximately 4,500 -5,000 years ago . LIA moraines 7 have also been identified on Mount Jefferson (Scott, 1977), the Three Sisters (Marcott, 2005), Broken Top (Dethier, 1980;Marcott, 2005), and Mount Thielsen (Lafrenz, 2001). Other moraine sets downslope from the LIA moraines on the Three Sisters and Broken Top place glacial advances/stands at about 2,000 -3,000 and 4,500 -6,500 years ago .…”

“…Other moraine sets downslope from the LIA moraines on the Three Sisters and Broken Top place glacial advances/stands at about 2,000 -3,000 and 4,500 -6,500 years ago . Another moraine set downslope of these pre-dates 7, 700 years ago (Marcott, 2005). Kiver ( 1974) identified LIA moraines in the Wallowas as well as a morainal advance/stand at approximately 2,000 years ago (Prospect Lake).…”