A Systolic Array 2-D IIR Broadband RF Beamformer

Madanayake, H.L.P. Arjuna; Hum, Sean V.; Bruton, L.T.

doi:10.1109/tcsii.2008.2008053

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The region of support (ROS) in the 2D frequency domain is confined into a line-shaped passband [13,24] oriented at an angle |θ| ≤ 45 • from the ω ct -axis passing thorough the origin ω(x, ct) ∈ R, where ω x and ω ct are spatial and temporal frequencies, respectively in Figure 1b. Here, θ = tan −1 (sin ψ) [25,26].…”

Section: D Plane Wave Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidimensional-DSP Beamformers Using the ROACH-2 FPGA Platform

2017

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Antenna array-based multi-dimensional infinite-impulse response (IIR) digital beamformers are employed in a multitude of radio frequency (RF) applications ranging from electronically-scanned radar, radio telescopes, long-range detection and target tracking. A method to design 3D IIR beam filters using 2D IIR beam filters is described. A cascaded 2D IIR beam filter architecture is proposed based on systolic array architecture as an alternative for an existing radar application. Differential-form transfer function and polyphase structures are employed in the design to gain an increase in the speed of operation to gigahertz range. The feasibility of practical implementation of a 4-phase polyphase 2D IIR beam filter is explored. A digital hardware prototype is designed, implemented and tested using a ROACH-2 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform fitted with a Xilinx Virtex-6 SX475T FPGA chip and multi-input analog-to-digital converters (ADC) boards set to a maximum sampling rate of 960 MHz. The article describes a method to build a 3D IIR beamformer using polyphase structures. A comparison of technical specifications of an existing radar application based on phased-array and the proposed 3D IIR beamformer is also explained to illustrate the proposed method to be a better alternative for such applications.

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Section: D Plane Wave Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, IIR based MD space-time frequency-planar digital beam filters [11,12] are likely to be efficient in power consumption in comparison with FIR MD beam filters. It has been shown that IIR beam filters have a significantly low multiplier count over FIR beam filters [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional-DSP Beamformers Using the ROACH-2 FPGA Platform

2017

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“…Frequency-planar beam 2D IIR filters [3], when applied to a uniformly spaced linear array (USLA) of N A broadband antenna elements, are highly effective in the directional enhancement of propagating UWB plane waves arriving from specific directions [6,8]. These frequency-planar 2D filters are derived from resistively terminated LC ladder networks [13], which are practical-BIBO stable [1] when converted to the 2D discrete domain using the 2D bilinear transform.…”

Section: Review Of 2d Iir Beam Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. , N A − 1, which produces input signals to the filter of the form w(−x n sin θ + ct), where c is the speed of light, t is time, K d is a positive integer known as the spatial undersampling factor [8], and w(t) is a function describing the amplitude of the plane wave. The 2D region of support of the 2D Fourier transform of the spatially and temporally sampled plane wave lies on a straight line through the origin in the frequency domain (ω 1 , ω 2 ) ∈ R 2 and is oriented at angle Ψ (θ) = tan −1 ( Δx cΔT CLK sin θ).…”

Section: Review Of 2d Iir Beam Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this, 2D infinite impulse response (IIR) filters have been recently proposed and validated as a simpler architecture that can yield significant improvements in system SIR [6]. The advantages of highly directional beamforming 2D IIR broadband frequency-planar beam plane-wave digital filters [3] in UWB wireless communication systems for multipath suppression have been established using realistic radio channel models [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Quantization in Systolic 2D IIR Beam Filters on UWB Wireless Communications

Madanayake

Hum

Bruton

2011

Circuits Syst Signal Process

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Ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless beamforming systems may potentially be implemented digitally at multi-gigahertz clock frequencies using low-precision systolic array realizations of two-dimensional (2D) infinite impulse response (IIR) beam plane-wave filters. The finite precision performance of such filters is analyzed in terms of quantization noise. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are performed using test vectors that are derived from 2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational electromagnetic models of the UWB channels. The bit error rate (BER) is determined as a function of signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), with and without beamforming, and for various practical combinations of finite internal wordlengths and A/D converter precisions. It is established that 3-bit A/D converters with 3-to 6-bit internal wordlengths are adequate for good performance and that 4-bit A/D converters with 4-to 7-bit internal wordlengths achieve excellent performance.

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Massively parallel systolic‐array architectures for 2d IIR polyphase space–time plane‐wave beam digital filters

Madanayake

Gunaratne

Bruton

2010

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SUMMARYA systolic architecture has recently been proposed for implementing two-dimensional infinite impulse response (IIR) space-time beam plane-wave filters at a throughput of one-frame-per-clock-cycle for such applications as real-time broadband smart antennas. A novel polyphase systolic architecture is proposed here that further increases the throughput of these IIR beam filters, by a factor of M, to M-frames-per-clockcycle, where M is the number of polyphases. The proposed method combines the polyphase approach, along with pipelining and look-ahead optimization methods, to achieve frame sample frequencies that are several times higher than the clock-cycle limit of the very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology, thereby potentially allowing multi-GHz frame sample frequencies using current custom VLSI circuits. The implementation of a field programmable gate array-based real-time prototype is described, tested and verified for the two-phase case (M = 2) at a technology-limited clock frequency of 50 MHz which corresponds to a throughput of 100 million-frames-per-clock-cycle.

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A Systolic Array 2-D IIR Broadband RF Beamformer

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Multidimensional-DSP Beamformers Using the ROACH-2 FPGA Platform

Multidimensional-DSP Beamformers Using the ROACH-2 FPGA Platform

Effects of Quantization in Systolic 2D IIR Beam Filters on UWB Wireless Communications

Massively parallel systolic‐array architectures for 2d IIR polyphase space–time plane‐wave beam digital filters

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