A Systems Thinking Model for Transitioning Smart Campuses to Cities

Abstract

The contribution of smart campuses to smart cities’ development and vice versa has been elucidated in extant literature. The micro-transfer of smart technologies and probable procurement and contracting models remain critical for such contributions to take place. This study used a systems thinking approach to establish the interrelationships existing between smart campus technologies which can be scaled towards the development of smart cities and assess the critical failure factors negating the micro-transfer of these technologies to smart city development initiatives in developing countries. To achieve its objective, the study adopted a phenomenological research design wherein qualitative data was elicited from a purposively selected sample of seven interviewees in South African Universities. The next phase of the analysis involved a thematic approach for the production of a causal loop diagram (CLD) reflecting the interrelationships between the abovementioned facets and the associated impact on the transference of knowledge and technologies from smart campuses to smart cities. This CLD was subsequently validated by a cohort of five experts. Findings from the validation phase were incorporated in an improved CLD which provided different archetypes for engendering successful transference. This study holds salient implications for universities, cities and other stakeholders seeking to engage in a quadruple helix innovative arrangement for smart campus/city development. This study concluded that smart campuses could act as living labs for future smartness of cities globally. Government funding and willingness to produce smart cities from campuses is a fundamental feature of creating smart infrastructure in cities.

Investigating the safety and security of the open campus using community-based facilities management and technological innovation principles: University of Cape Town

“…UCT has implemented various innovative technologies to improve the safety and security of campus such as smart CCTV cameras, the GPS tracking of the university busses, smart lighting and the safety app in the pipeline. The fundamental question is the level of integration and automation of these technologies, as integration and automation enhance the ability of a system to deter, detect and demobilize crime [26].…”

Assessing the influence of technological innovations and community-based facilities management on the safety and security of universities. A case study of an open campus

“…Robust emergency notification systems deliver real-time alerts through various channels, ensuring rapid dissemination of critical information during emergencies. “Smart campuses” use technology like sensor-driven lighting and IoT devices for predictive maintenance (Omotayo et al , 2021). Mobile apps empower individuals to participate in their safety, offering features such as virtual escorts and anonymous incident reporting.…”

The Making of Smart Campus: A Review and Conceptual Framework

“…[19] (p. 204) "A collaboration of technologies such as big data, cloud computing, IoT, internet and high-performance computing, virtualization, mobile network and social network, sensors and common communication interfaces." [20] (p. 2)…”

“…These four domains are supported by an overarching (digital) technology and (big) data perspective-that could be seen as the fifth category that has high interaction with the other four-in smart campuses [8,20,41]. For instance, big data handles the huge and heterogeneous information collected, stored, and sorted for the operations of the campus [42,43].…”