A systematic review of the epidemiology of mansonelliasis

Downes, Barbara L.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.

doi:10.4314/ajid.v4i1.55085

Cited by 28 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…1,2 The prevalence of this nematode is often very high in endemic areas, even in children, and increases with age. Four species of filariasis-causing nematodes belonging to the genus Mansonella are responsible for human mansonellosis, M. perstans, M. streptocerca, M. ozzardi, and M. rodhaini, 3,4 three of which have been described in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Mansonella perstans Filariasis in Rural Senegal

Basséne¹,

Sambou²,

Fénollar³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Large parts of African and American countries are colonized by Mansonella, a very common but poorly described filarial nematode. Bloodsucking flies of the genus Culicoides are suspected to be the vector of Mansonella perstans, but no study in Senegal has confirmed that Culicoides can transmit the parasite. Designed specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can be used to identify microfilaria in stained blood smears. This study was performed in July and December 2010 in the southeastern Senegal, which is known to be endemic for M. perstans. We analyzed 297 blood smears from febrile and afebrile resident people by qPCR. The global prevalence of M. perstans was approximately 14.5% in both febrile and afebrile individuals. The age group of > 30 years had the highest prevalence (22.0%). No Culicoides among 1,159 studied specimens was positive for M. perstans and its vector in Senegal still requires identification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Mansonella perstans Filariasis in Rural Senegal

Basséne¹,

Sambou²,

Fénollar³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…1 Only humans appear to be naturally infected with M. ozzardi; African patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas), but not chimpanzees, rhesus, capuchin, or squirrel monkeys, are susceptible to experimental infection with this nematode. Sir Patrick Manson (1844Manson ( -1922 first described the microfilariae of M. ozzardi in the late 1890s, while examining the peripheral blood of Amerindians living in the interior of the former British Guyana.…”

Section: Biological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Lima

Aybar

Juri

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is an understudied filarial nematode, originally described by Patrick Manson in 1897, that can be transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus Culicoides) and black flies (genus Simulium). With a patchy geographic distribution from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina, human infection with M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. There is no clinical entity unequivocally associated with M. ozzardi infection, although fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally mentioned in case report series. More recently, ocular manifestations (especially keratitis) have been associated with mansonelliasis, opening an important area of investigation. Here, we briefly review the biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection and point to some existing knowledge gaps, aiming to stimulate a research agenda to help filling them. IntroductionMansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is one of the several filarial nematodes that infect humans. This relatively unknown parasite has a patchy geographic distribution across Latin America and the Caribbean, from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina. Most infected people, regardless of the parasite density, are asymptomatic or have few symptoms. As a consequence, infections with M. ozzardi usually remain undiagnosed and untreated. Ill-defined and unspecific symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally reported by patients, but whether they are caused by M. ozzardi infection remains to be determined. Nevertheless, ocular manifestations potentially associated with mansonelliasis, especially keratitis, have attracted substantial interest from ophthalmologists in recent years. Here, we summarize key biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection. We explore recent developments in pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and chemotherapy and discuss the potential public health impact of this highly prevalent but largely neglected New World parasite. Biological featuresThree filarial nematodes of the genus Mansonella are known to cause human mansonelliasis: Mansonella streptocerca, which is endemic to Africa; Mansonella perstans, which is commonly found in Africa but also occurs in South America; and M. ozzardi, which is found exclusively in the Americas and the Caribbean islands.1 Only humans appear to be naturally infected with M. ozzardi; African patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas), but not chimpanzees, rhesus, capuchin, or squirrel monkeys, are susceptible to experimental infection with this nematode. 4 Several decades later, Orihel and Eberhard described the elusive adult male and female worms recovered from experimentally infected patas monkeys. 2Natural infection with M. ...

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“…Su distribución es variable. La especie M. streptocerca se encuentra en la región centro y este de África, M. perstans se ha reportado en África y en algunos países amazónicos como Brasil 3 , Colombia 3,5 y Venezuela 3,6 ; estas mansonelosis pueden infectar, además de a humanos, a monos, que actuarían como reservorios de la enfermedad 3 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…es el principal vector para las mansonelosis 1---3 ; en el caso de M. ozzardi también está involucrada la especie Simulium spp. 2,3,28,29 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified