“…Culicoides‐ borne pathogens (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Afrotropical region are of interest because of major recent outbreaks affecting livestock (Mellor et al ., ; Mullen, ; Purse et al ., ; Carpenter et al ., ) and human populations (Agbolade et al ., ;Simonsen et al ., ; Bassene et al ., ; Debrah et al ., ). For example, in the last 20 years, African horse sickness outbreaks have been recorded in South Africa (Venter et al ., ), Senegal (Diouf et al ., ) and Namibia (Scacchia et al ., ).…”