A Systematic Review of the Interventions for Nipple Trauma in Breastfeeding Mothers

Abstract

This study provides evidence for nursing practice, thus contributing to the improvement of lactating mothers with nipple trauma care and, consequently, improving the rates of successful breastfeeding as well as the quality of life of breastfeeding mothers.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Silver-Impregnated Medical Cap for Topical Treatment of Nipple Fissure of Breastfeeding Mothers

“…1 The use of products for prevention of nipple fissure is not useful and could be counterproductive. 1,19 Many studies 11,12,35 on the prevention and treatment of nipple fissures and mammary lesions in the course of nursing had an inadequate sample size, and most, as well, showed bias.…”

“…These include topical creams, solutions, or sprays, time-restricted breastfeeding, exposure of the nipple to dry heat or ultraviolet light and air-drying, pre-or postnatal breastfeeding education, breast protection shells, hydrogel, adhesive polyethylene film dressing, and distilled water. 6,[11][12][13] A recent systematic review by Vieira et al 11 on the several interventions for nipple trauma in breastfeeding mothers concluded that the best outcomes for the treatment of nipple trauma used lanolin (recommendation B, evidence level 2) and breastmilk (recommendation B, evidence level 2). However, the biggest study on 225 puerperal mothers by Mohammadzadeh et al, 14 cited in this review, questioned the efficacy of lanolin and highlighted the superiority of breastmilk.…”

“…However, existing scientific studies 11,12,[17][18][19] do not permit conclusions to be drawn on the efficacy of these methods, which are based on practical experience (Good Clinical Practice). 1 The ''moist wound healing'' method was developed in 1962 by George Winter, in the biomedical engineering department at the Royal Orthopedic Hospital in Stanmore (Middlesex), United Kingdom.…”

“…1 Nipple trauma is the main reason for early breastfeeding cessation. 6,11 Various interventions have been used to treat either nipple pain and/or trauma associated with breastfeeding. These include topical creams, solutions, or sprays, time-restricted breastfeeding, exposure of the nipple to dry heat or ultraviolet light and air-drying, pre-or postnatal breastfeeding education, breast protection shells, hydrogel, adhesive polyethylene film dressing, and distilled water.…”

Why do women stop breast-feeding? Results from a contemporary prospective study in a cohort of Australian women

“…In contrast, two of the remaining reasons -'My baby had trouble sucking or latching on' and 'My nipples were sore, cracked or bleeding' -are acute breast-feeding management issues most likely to occur during the early phases of lactation, which may be addressed by skilled health professional intervention at that time. [38][39][40] Biting behaviour in infants was included among the four most commonly cited reasons for breastfeeding cessation only in the sample between 6 and 11 months of infant age. A recent study 24 provided 'perception of insufficient milk' as a response option instead of 'I did not have enough milk'.…”