A Systematic Review of Solid Waste Management (SWM) and Artificial Intelligence approach

Abstract

One of the pressing issues any country faces is managing solid wastes. Traditionally, several methods have been used in the past to manage the increasing quantity of solid waste. However, due to the increase in population, urbanization, and various other reasons, there has been steady growth in solid waste. The general public's cooperation is vital in understanding the extent of solid wastes, their generation, collection, transportation, and disposal of wastes safely. Urban local bodies also play a significant role in managing waste as they are the ones who can formulate a plan as per the data available to them. Infrastructure for managing solid wastes is another prime factor in easy transportation and disposal. There are different conventional methods starting from landfills, incineration, etc., to advanced methodologies. The use of incineration as the primary method of waste disposal is now a major source of health hazards. The present study reviews the important practical methods for solid waste management. The review is categorized into two sections: Conventional methodologies include incineration, thermal to waste energy techniques, bioeconomy, anaerobic digestion and waste valorization and the second section includes advanced methods such as green architecture, web-based geographic interface system, Internet of Things (IoT), optimization techniques, artificial intelligence and blockchain based solid waste management system. The present study also provides an overview of the advanced technologies as a support system for the sustainable management in solid waste. It also discusses the knowledge and awareness to be catered to all sections of people about sustainable solid waste management.