A systematic review of sevoflurane and isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in domestic cats

Shaughnessy, Mike R; Hofmeister, Erik H.

doi:10.1111/vaa.12083

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…The constant voltage electrical stimulation protocol as described for dogs was used in our study after confirmation in pre-trials that maximal stimulation was achieved in cats as well. The individual MAC values of the cats in group I with a mean MAC of 1.83 vol%were close to those reported in the literature [17]. This implies comparability of the stimulation method.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Experimental study on the effects of isoflurane with and without remifentanil or dexmedetomidine on heart rate variability before and after nociceptive stimulation at different MAC multiples in cats

2019

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Background Heart rate variability (HRV) provides information about autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and is therefore a possible tool with which to assess anaesthetic depth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of isoflurane, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine on HRV before and after nociceptive stimulation at different anaesthetic depths. Seven healthy domestic short-hair cats were used, and each cat was anaesthetized three times – group I with isoflurane alone, group IR with isoflurane and a constant rate infusion (CRI) of remifentanil (18 μg/kg/h), and group ID with isoflurane and a CRI of dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg/h). Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values were determined via electrical supramaximal nociceptive stimulation for each treatment group. Nociceptive stimulation was repeated at 3 different MAC multiples (0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 MAC), and electrocardiographic recordings were performed for 3 min before and after stimulation. Only the 1 min epochs were used for further statistical analysis. Electrocardiographic data were exported for offline HRV analysis. Results The mean isoflurane MAC ± standard deviation (SD) was 1.83 ± 0.22 vol% in group I, 1.65 ± 0.13 vol% in group IR and 0.82 ± 0.20 vol% in group ID. Nociception was indicated by several HRV parameters, however, with high variability between treatments. The best correlation with MAC was found for the SD of heart rate (STD HR) in group I ( r s = − 0.76, p = 0.0001, r 2 = 0.46). STD HR was also able to distinguish 0.75 MAC from 1.5 MAC and 1.0 MAC from 1.5 MAC in group I, as well as 0.75 MAC from 1.5 MAC in group ID. Conclusions The choice of anaesthetic protocol influences the HRV parameters in cats. Frequency domain parameters respond to nociception at lower MAC levels. The STD HR has the potential to provide additional information for the assessment of anaesthetic depth in isoflurane-anaesthetized cats. The utility of HRV analysis for the assessment of anaesthetic depth in cats is still questionable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-2004-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Experimental study on the effects of isoflurane with and without remifentanil or dexmedetomidine on heart rate variability before and after nociceptive stimulation at different MAC multiples in cats

2019

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“…In addition, a single observer was employed to determine gross movement during the MAC determination. Nevertheless, MAC values recorded in this study may have been subject to small errors [23]. LIDO is a sodium channel blocker that reduces inhalant MAC by unknown mechanisms [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination Reduce Isoflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Dogs

Acevedo-Arcique

Ibancovichi-Camarillo

Chavez

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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The effects of intravenous (IV) lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination delivered as a bolus followed by a constant rate infusion (CRI) on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO) in dogs were evaluated. Seven healthy adult dogs were included. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. For each dog, baseline MAC (MACISO/BASAL) was determined after a 90-minute equilibration period. Thereafter, each dog received one of the following treatments (loading dose, CRI): lidocaine 2 mg kg−1, 100 µg kg−1 minute−1; dexmedetomidine 2 µg kg−1, 2 µg kg−1 hour−1; or their combination. MAC was then determined again after 45- minutes of treatment by CRI. At the doses administered, lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination significantly reduced MACISO by 27.3% (range: 12.5–39.2%), 43.4% (33.3–53.3%) and 60.9% (46.1–78.1%), respectively, when compared to MACISO/BASAL. The combination resulted in a greater MACISO reduction than the two drugs alone. Their use, at the doses studied, provides a clinically important reduction in the concentration of ISO during anaesthesia in dogs.

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“…2", the average MAC reported recently for the cat (Shaughnessy and Hofmeister, 2014). The low dose isoflurane requirement was most likely attributable to the sedative and analgesic effects obtained with dexmedetomidine and methadone as premedication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Methadone and Dexmedetomidine Combination as Premedicant Agents for Ovariectomy in Cats

Briganti¹,

Breghi²,

Vannozzi³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to assess sedative and analgesic effects produced by the association of methadone and dexmedetomidine, administered intramuscularly as premedication for ovariectomy in cats. Twenty-four healthy cats were enrolled in the study. The values of heart and respiratory rate were recorded as Tbase. Cats received methadone 0.5 mg kg −1 and dexmedetomidine 5 mcg kg −1 IM. Sedation and ease for catheterization were scored using a simple descriptive scale ranging from 0 (no sedation) to 3 (profound sedation) and 0 (very difficult) to 3 (very easy). General anesthesia was induced with propofol and after endotracheal intubation it was maintained with isoflurane. During the surgery Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), hemoglobin oxygen saturation, Doppler blood pressure, expiratory isoflurane percentage and end tidal of carbon dioxide were recorded every five minutes. At the end of the surgery all animals received robenacoxib 2 mg kg −1 subcutaneously. Recovery was scored using a simple descriptive scale ranging from 0 (poor) to 3 (excellent). The median sedation score was 2 (range 0-3); the only adverse effect associated with the premedication was vomiting occurred in 20% of the cats. No animals became excited after premedication. The median ease for catheterization was 3 (range 1-3). After premedication HR and RR showed a decrease of 28% and of 32%, respectively, in comparison to Tbase values. The median recovery score was 3 (range 1-3). No animal required additional analgesia after the surgery. The association of dexmedetomidine 5 mcg kg −1 and methadone 0.5 mg kg −1 employed in this study resulted in overall good sedation quality without any major adverse reaction. The onset of sedation was quite fast (about 7 min), suggesting synergic effect of the two molecules. Most of cats showed an easy catheterization and the recovery was excellent for the majority of cases.

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A systematic review of sevoflurane and isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in domestic cats

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Experimental study on the effects of isoflurane with and without remifentanil or dexmedetomidine on heart rate variability before and after nociceptive stimulation at different MAC multiples in cats

Experimental study on the effects of isoflurane with and without remifentanil or dexmedetomidine on heart rate variability before and after nociceptive stimulation at different MAC multiples in cats

Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination Reduce Isoflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Dogs

Methadone and Dexmedetomidine Combination as Premedicant Agents for Ovariectomy in Cats

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