A systematic review of moral reasoning measures

Vilar, Manuel Martí; Escrig-Espuig, José Miguel; Merino-Soto, César

doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01519-8

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Consistent with previous findings (Villegas de Posada and Vargas-Trujillo, 2015 ; Martí-Vilar et al, 2021 ), the Defining Issues Test (Rest, 1974 ) and its revised versions were the most commonly used measure in the identified studies. The DIT is one of the earliest measures developed to examine moral decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Seven of the twenty included studies used some version of the DIT. However, while measures identified by Martí-Vilar et al (2021) predominantly relied on self-report responses, most measures identified in the present review used moral dilemmas. This suggests that a substantial amount of research in moral decision-making focuses on aspects of moral decision-making other than moral reasoning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the term “moral decision-making” has not always been used in past research, and instead terms such as “moral reasoning,” “moral judgment,” and “moral cognition” (Garrigan et al, 2018 ) have been used, sometimes interchangeably. Moral reasoning has also been defined as decision-making that includes moral and ethical components (Bucciarelli et al, 2008 ; Martí-Vilar et al, 2021 ). However, moral decision-making may not be dependent on reasoning and cognition alone (Richardson, 2018 ), rather emotion and intuition may also play key roles (Greene et al, 2001 ; Haidt, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Villegas de Posada and Vargas-Trujillo's ( 2015 ) meta-analysis found that the development of moral reasoning positively correlated with domain-specific actions (real life, honesty, altruism, and resistance to conformity) and domain-general actions. Martí-Vilar et al ( 2021 ) conducted a systematic review of existing moral reasoning measures and their reported psychometric properties. They identified 21 measures that could fall under one of four categories: (1) Kohlbergian Models, (2) Prosocial Moral Reasoning Models, (3) Moral Dilemmas, and (4) Other or Unspecified Models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To kill or not to kill: A systematic literature review of high-stakes moral decision-making measures and their psychometric properties

Burns²,

Mak³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionThe present systematic review investigates the psychological tools available for capturing high-stakes decisions involving life-death content and their psychometric properties. Valid measurement of these individual differences will provide crucial information in the personnel selection and training in fields where high-stakes moral issues exist (e.g., military, medicine). To our knowledge, this is the first systematic examination of such instruments.MethodsSystematic searches of 6 electronic databases were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. An appraisal tool evaluated the quality of identified measures. Twenty studies met pre-determined inclusion criteria. Moral decision-making was assessed with either a self-report scale (n = 3) or moral dilemmas (n = 17).ResultsThe findings identified two measures, the Defining Issues Test and the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale as psychometrically sound measures of moral decision-making. However, they are unlikely to be considered “gold standard” measures due to their theoretically specific, but limited, scope. Overall, the findings suggest that research in the area has been scattered. There is a lack of consensus on the definition of moral decision-making, and a lack of cross-validation on how different measures of moral decision-making relate to each other. This presents a gap between theory and empirical measurement in moral decision-making. Further work is needed for a unified conceptualization of moral decision-making to pave the way to both theory development and the development of well-validated measurement tools, and this review provides a critical foundation for both.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

To kill or not to kill: A systematic literature review of high-stakes moral decision-making measures and their psychometric properties

Burns²,

Mak³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In methodological and substantive contexts, reproducibility is essential for the advancement of knowledge. For this reason, it is necessary to identify measures that can be used as parameters to compare the results of different studies [ 102 ]. On the other hand, the standard coefficient of internal consistency has been coefficient α [ 103 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Intelligence Measures: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, express, understand, and manage emotions. Current research indicates that it may protect against the emotional burden experienced in certain professions. This article aims to provide an updated systematic review of existing instruments to assess EI in professionals, focusing on the description of their characteristics as well as their psychometric properties (reliability and validity). A literature search was conducted in Web of Science (WoS). A total of 2761 items met the eligibility criteria, from which a total of 40 different instruments were extracted and analysed. Most were based on three main models (i.e., skill-based, trait-based, and mixed), which differ in the way they conceptualize and measure EI. All have been shown to have advantages and disadvantages inherent to the type of tool. The instruments reported in the largest number of studies are Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), Schutte Self Report-Inventory (SSRI), Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test 2.0 (MSCEIT 2.0), Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), Wong and Law’s Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue). The main measure of the estimated reliability has been internal consistency, and the construction of EI measures was predominantly based on linear modelling or classical test theory. The study has limitations: we only searched a single database, the impossibility of estimating inter-rater reliability, and non-compliance with some items required by PRISMA.

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Compassion and engineering students' moral reasoning: The emotional experience of engineering ethics cases

Kotluk

Tormey

2023

J of Engineering Edu

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Background: There has been an increase in interest in emotion in engineering and science ethics education. There is also evidence that emotional content in case studies may improve students' learning and enhance awareness, understanding, and motivation concerning ethical issues. Despite these potential benefits, however, emotions' relationship to moral reasoning remains controversial, with ongoing debate as to how much and in what way emotional content impacts on moral reasoning. Furthermore, only limited empirical research has explored how emotions affect students' moral reasoning in educational settings. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether mild to moderate compassion-induced engineering ethics case contents affected the moral reasoning schemas activated in students.Design/Method: We conducted experimental research using the Engineering and Science Issues Test (ESIT). First, we modified the six case studies of the ESIT, to increase the compassion associated with the cases' protagonists to a mild to moderate level. We tested this instrument with 207 participants to ensure the changes did affect compassion without impacting on other potential emotions. Then, in a second study with 305 participants, we investigated whether the changed compassion intensity of the protagonists in the case studies affected the moral reasoning schemas activated in participants. Results:The induction of mild to moderate compassion did not impact the moral reasoning schemas activated. Findings also show that we managed to affect compassion intensity in the case studies without changing other emotions. Conclusion: This study reveals how to include a targeted emotion in engineering case studies in order to improve students' learning without affecting the moral reasoning schemas activated.

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A systematic review of moral reasoning measures

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

To kill or not to kill: A systematic literature review of high-stakes moral decision-making measures and their psychometric properties

To kill or not to kill: A systematic literature review of high-stakes moral decision-making measures and their psychometric properties

Emotional Intelligence Measures: A Systematic Review

Compassion and engineering students' moral reasoning: The emotional experience of engineering ethics cases

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