2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2022.100018
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A systematic review of human biomonitoring studies of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a urinary biomarker pyrethroid insecticide exposure, 1997 to 2019

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Cited by 2 publications
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“…Previous urine biomonitoring research utilized glucuronidase/sulfatase enzymes for deconjugation, which may lead to underestimation of 3-PBA levels as they only release the compound from its conjugated forms. 8 Therefore, a strong acid treatment and heating step are required before analyzing 3-PBA residues in urine samples. 9 However, developing rapid, sensitive, and acidic-resistance analytical methods remains a challenge for detection of 3-PBA in urine.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous urine biomonitoring research utilized glucuronidase/sulfatase enzymes for deconjugation, which may lead to underestimation of 3-PBA levels as they only release the compound from its conjugated forms. 8 Therefore, a strong acid treatment and heating step are required before analyzing 3-PBA residues in urine samples. 9 However, developing rapid, sensitive, and acidic-resistance analytical methods remains a challenge for detection of 3-PBA in urine.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Urinary 3-PBA and 4F-3BPA have been extensively used as biomarkers, indicating pyrethroid exposure levels in humans. In particular, the rate of detection of urinary 3-PBA in the general population of different countries and regions is usually >60% and even exceeds 90%, with geometric mean (GM) concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2 μg/L, suggesting widespread human exposure to pyrethroids. Thus, the human health risks of pyrethroid exposure continue to be of concern.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%