A systematic review and analysis of data reduction techniques for the CReSS smoking topography device

Abstract

I ntroduction: Characterising smoking behaviour in an objective and ecologically valid manner is integral to understanding health complications associated with tobacco use. Smoking topography (ST) provides a representation of the physical attributes of smoking. However, there is no clear guidance on ST data exclusion and reduction techniques and the impact of different techniques. Methods: A search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus and limited to studies published between 2001-2012. The search identified 23 studies using the CReSS device.Results: Few studies reported data reduction (n = 9) and exclusion (n = 4) criteria. Four data reduction techniques emerged and were applied to an existing dataset (n = 193, M age = 38.98, FTND = 5.19, mean 17.23 cigarettes/day). Using repeated measures ANOVA, there were significant (p < 0.05) differences among all techniques for puff volume, peak flow, puff duration and interpuff interval, which were attenuated upon controlling for puff count. Conclusions: This review highlights the inconsistency in the literature regarding the disclosure of smoking topography data treatment and provides clear evidence that outcomes vary depending on the technique used. Greater transparency is needed and consideration should be given by researchers to the potential impact of methodological decisions on study findings.

Puffing Topography and Nicotine Intake of Electronic Cigarette Users

“…However, no manual for EC use was provided by the company. Previously, the CReSS Pocket has been used to study conventional cigarette topography [ 21 ]. Its adaption for use with EC topography is new, and 4–5 months were required to learn how to operate the CReSS Pocket reliably with EC users.…”

“…While conventional cigarette topography has been well documented [ 21 ], relatively little is known about the topography of EC users [ 22 ]. In data mined from YouTube videos, the average puff duration for EC users was 4.3 seconds, which is nearly twice the duration of conventional smokers [ 23 ].…”

“…The Clinical Research Support System (CReSS Pocket) is a handheld device that measures parameters such as puff duration, puff count, total volume, flow rate, peak flow rate, and intervals between puffs. The CReSS has been used previously to evaluate topography of conventional cigarettes users [ 21 , 25 ]. In this study, we first validated the CReSS Pocket for EC use.…”

State Transition Modeling of the Smoking Behavior Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks

“…Reducing the number of relapses is of great interest to the community of tobaccorelated researchers. Many studies [2]- [5] have been conducted in an attempt to both properly describe smoking behavior as well as pinpointing the best-times to intervene such that a relapse does not occur. However, these studies are inherently limited due to the current methods of studying smoking behavior.…”

“…Most studies conducted rely on participants to self-report their smoking behavior. In various studies [2], [6], [7], the accuracy of self-reporting has been shown to be no more than ~76%. To bypass the reliance on self-reporting, some studies have been conducted in laboratory-based settings.…”