A systematic qualitative case study: questions, data collection, NVivo analysis and saturation

Abstract

PurposeThe study aims to explore the case study method with the formation of questions, data collection procedures and analysis, followed by how and on which position the saturation is achieved in developing a centralized Shariah governance framework for Islamic banks in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachUsing purposive and snowball sampling procedures, data have been collected from 17 respondents who are working in the central bank and Islamic banks of Bangladesh through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe study claims that researchers can form the research questions by using “what” question mark in qualitative research. Besides, the qualitative research and case study could explore the answers of “what” questions along with the “why” and “how” more broadly, descriptively and extensively about a phenomenon. Similarly, saturation can be considered attaining the ultimate point of data collection by the researchers without adding anything in the databank. Overall, this study proposes three stages of saturation: First, information redundancy. Second, referring the respondents (already considered in the study) without knowing anything about the data collection and their responses. Third, through the NVivo open coding process due to the decrease of reference or quotes in a certain position or in the saturation position as a result of fewer outcomes or insufficient information. The saturation is thus achieved in the diversified positions, i.e. three respondents for regulatory, nine for Shariah scholars and officers and five for the experts concerning the responses and respondents.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has potential implications on the qualitative research method, including the case study, saturation process and points, NVivo analysis and qualitative questions formation.Originality/valueThis research defines a case study with the inclusion of “what” and illustrates the saturation process in diverse positions. The qualitative research questions can also be formed with “what” in addition “why” and “how”.

Why does Shariah governance framework important for Islamic banks?

“…Therefore, the case study technique is used to explore the importance of SGF in Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The important characteristics of the case study are the attention on the questions of "how" and "why" (Myers, 2009), and it is suitable for comprehensive and exploratory investigations of SG matters (Alam, 2020). Additionally, a case study can emphasize on the process, the individual or group of people's behavior of a particular institution and/or the system of actions in which the behavior happens (Stake, 2005).…”

“…Since the selected participants for the interviews are regulators, SSB members, Shariah department executives, and finally, the field experts from Bangladesh, they are directly related to SG functions in Islamic banks. In general, 17 respondents have been interviewed for accomplishing the research study (Alam, 2020;Alam et al, 2020aAlam et al, , 2020bAlam et al, , 2020cAlam et al, , 2020dTabash et al, 2020) and they are symbolically coded for instance Regulatory Aspects (RA) for regulators, Shariah Practitioners (SP) for SSB members and Shariah department executives, and Experts (E) for field experts concerning the Islamic banking and SG knowledge (Alam et al, 2020a;b;d, e). Table 2 shows the background information of the interviewees.…”

“…Moreover, a research strategy is a judgment that associates the research objectives and research questions to the procedures of data gathering, data analysis and the outcomes from the gathered data (Yin, 2009;Rowley, 2002). The NVivo has been selected to analyze the broad transcriptions and other documents as well as for better data analysis (Alam, 2020;Gibbs, 2002). This NVivo software is applied in initial coding, categorizing and theme development from the data (Strauss, 1987;Alam, 2020).…”

Rigour in the Management Case Study Method: A Study on Master's Dissertations

“…Representativeness of the objective of the work (Stewart, 2014); 7. Data collection sources (Ajayi, 2017); 8. Existence of data triangulation (Heale and Forbes, 2013); 9.…”

“…Additionally, the following parameters were evaluated: understanding of the real context phenomena and the existence of a relation between the studied phenomenon and the real context according to Yin (2017). Other parameters from different authors were studied: a description of the strategy used to explore and test the theories (Cesar, Antunes and Vidal, 2010); the research question typology (Godoy, 2006); the case study type (Harrison et al, 2017); the representativeness of the objective of the work (Stewart, 2014); the data collection sources (Ajayi, 2017); the existence of data triangulation (Heale and Forbes, 2013); an explanation of the procedures (Bhakar and Sikarwar, 2014); analysis of psychometric indicators (Hair et al, 2018); an explanation of the analyses performed (Heale and Twycross, 2015); a comparison with previous studies (Labani, Wadhwa and Asthana, 2017); and suggestions www.ejbrm.com 5 ISSN 1477-7029 for future studies (Inayatullah, 2013). Below are more details of the study carried out and the results obtained.…”