A systematic pan-cancer study demonstrates the oncogenic function of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C

Abstract

Although complex links between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) and numerous types of cancer have been shown in both cell and animal models, a comprehensive pan-cancer investigation on the features and activities of HNRNPC is still lacking. Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, we investigated the possible oncogenic effects of HNRNPC in thirty-three cancers. HNRNPC expression was detected in the majority of cancers, and its expression level was shown to be significantly linked with cancer patient prognosis. HNRNPC increased the phosphorylation of S220, which was detected in various cancers, including ovarian cancer and colon cancer. HNRNPC expression was also shown to be related to cancer-associated cell infiltration, most notably in uveal melanoma, testicular germ cell tumors, and thymoma. Additionally, the signaling pathway for vascular endothelial growth factors and RNA transport were implicated in HNRNPC's functioning processes. In short, HNRNPC may further influence cancer progression through gene mutation, protein phosphorylation, cancer associated fibroblasts infiltration and related molecular pathways. This work was intended to provide a relatively thorough knowledge of the oncogenic activities of HNRNPC across a variety of tumor types by performing a systematic pan-cancer investigation.

Recent Advances in Molecular and Genetic Research on Uveal Melanoma

“…These four co-expressed mRNA transcripts primarily contribute to the infiltration of CD8 + T-cells by improving antigen processing and presentation, and their expression was associated with a poor prognosis [ 237 ]. Furthermore, the connection between the expression of HNRNPCs (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C), known for their role in regulating alternative splicing as RNA-binding proteins, and CD8 + T-cell infiltration showed an almost perfect correlation with UM [ 238 ]. This counterintuitive finding adds to the complexity of understanding UM immune landscape and suggests the need for further investigation into the role and behavior of TILs.…”

Identification of RNA-binding protein hnRNP C targeting the 3’UTR of the TAP-associated glycoprotein tapasin in melanoma

“… 33 In melanoma, hnRNP C increases the tumor cell migration and invasion via the interaction with several proteins. 34–36 However, the role of hnRNP C on the expression and function of immune modulatory molecules remains to be explored.…”