A Systematic Overview of Cancer Immunotherapy: An Emerging Therapy

Kokate, Rutika

doi:10.15406/ppij.2017.05.00112

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…They are: (1) recombinant cytokines; (2) vaccines; (3) Ag-loaded dendritic cells (DCs), for their ability to induce potent Ag-specific T cell responses [4]; and (4) immunomodulatory engineered mAbs targeting immune checkpoint molecules, named immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) that can be inhibitory and co-stimulatory. However, controversies still exist in the classification of ICB as being an active or passive form of immunotherapy [5]. Indeed, some of these immunomodulatory mAbs prevent crucial inhibitory pathways of the immune system, whose main physiological role is to modulate the activation of the immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy Associated Pulmonary Toxicity: Biology Behind Clinical and Radiological Features

Porcu

Silva

Solinas

et al. 2019

Cancers

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The broader use of immune checkpoint blockade in clinical routine challenges clinicians in the diagnosis and management of side effects which are caused by inflammation generated by the activation of the immune response. Nearly all organs can be affected by immune-related toxicities. However, the most frequently reported are: fatigue, rash, pruritus, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, arthralgia, decreased appetite and abdominal pain. Although these adverse events are usually mild, reversible and not frequent, an early diagnosis is crucial. Immune-related pulmonary toxicity was most frequently observed in trials of lung cancer and of melanoma patients treated with the combination of the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 and the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies. The most frequent immune-related adverse event in the lung is represented by pneumonitis due to the development of infiltrates in the interstitium and in the alveoli. Clinical symptoms and radiological patterns are the key elements to be considered for an early diagnosis, rendering the differential diagnosis crucial. Diagnosis of immune-related pneumonitis may imply the temporary or definitive suspension of immunotherapy, along with the start of immuno-suppressive treatments. The aim of this work is to summarize the biological bases, clinical and radiological findings of lung toxicity under immune checkpoint blockade, underlining the importance of multidisciplinary teams for an optimal early diagnosis of this side effect, with the aim to reach an improved patient care.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy Associated Pulmonary Toxicity: Biology Behind Clinical and Radiological Features

Porcu

Silva

Solinas

et al. 2019

Cancers

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“…For the last decades, immunotherapy becomes a promising method to fight against cancer. Immunotherapy can be applied using either external substances or their body cells [4].…”

Section: Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is designed to attack tumor cells independently by modifying the components of the immune system in the laboratory. Monoclonal antibodies and adoptive cell therapy are frequently used passive immunotherapy methods [4,20,24].…”

Section: Passive Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune System Modulations in Cancer Treatment: Nanoparticles in Immunotherapy

Kızılbey¹,

Türkoğlu²,

Kırmızıtaş³

2021

Cell Interaction - Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management

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Cancer immunotherapy is based on the idea of overcoming the main problems in the traditional cancer treatments and enhancing the patient’s long-term survival and quality of life. Immunotherapy methods aimed to influence the immune system, to detect and eradicate the tumors site and predict the potential results. Nowadays, nanomaterials-based immunotherapy approaches are gaining interest due to numerous advantages like their ability to target cells and tissues directly and reduce the off-target toxicity. Therefore, topics about immune system components, nanomaterials, their usage in immunotherapy and the benefits they provide will be discussed in this presented book chapter. Immunotherapy can be divided into two groups mainly; active and passive immunotherapy including their subtitles such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive immunotherapy, CAR-T therapies, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Main classification and the methods will be evaluated. Furthermore, state-of-art nanocarriers based immunotherapy methods will be mentioned in detail. The terms of size, charge, material type and surface modifications of the nanoparticles will be reviewed to understand the interference of immune system and nanoparticles and their advantages/disadvantages in immunotherapy systems.

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“…The side effects of chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiotherapy are also considered to be a downside of the current cancer treatment. These kinds of drawbacks in treating the tumor have led to approaches for more specific targeting of the tumor site with fewer side effects [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy

Surendran

Moon

Park

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Currently, immunotherapy is considered to be one of the effective treatment modalities for cancer. All the developments and discoveries in this field up to the recent Nobel Prize add to the interest for research into this vast area of study. Targeting tumor environment as well as the immune system is a suitable strategy to be applied for cancer treatment. Usage of nanoparticle systems for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents to the body being widely studied and found to be a promising area of research to be considered and investigated further. Nanoparticles for immunotherapy would be one of the effective treatment options for cancer therapy in the future due to their high specificity, efficacy, ability to diagnose, imaging, and therapeutic effect. Among the many nanoparticle systems, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, gold nanoparticles, iron oxide, dendrimers, and artificial exosomes are widely used for immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, the combination therapy found to be the more effective way of treating the tumor. Here, we review the current trends in nanoparticle therapy and efficiency of these nanosystems in delivering antigens, adjuvants, therapeutic drugs, and other immunotherapeutic agents. This review summarizes the currently available bioactive nanoparticle systems for cancer immunotherapy.

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A Systematic Overview of Cancer Immunotherapy: An Emerging Therapy

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Immunotherapy Associated Pulmonary Toxicity: Biology Behind Clinical and Radiological Features

Immunotherapy Associated Pulmonary Toxicity: Biology Behind Clinical and Radiological Features

Immune System Modulations in Cancer Treatment: Nanoparticles in Immunotherapy

Bioactive Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy

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