Bioactive rutin molecule has high-volume applications in food and pharmaceutical products. A considerable problem is its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, propylene glycol was first used as in the literature to dissolve rutin molecule while entrapping it into poly­(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles by oil-in-water single-emulsion solvent evaporation method. The reason of using propylene glycol is to improve rutins’ low bioavailibility and to determine the optimized nanoparticles. For this reason, various encapsulation parameters were tested and their effects were analyzed. Then, NP4 (hydrodynamic particle size: 252.6 ± 2.854 nm)-optimized nanoparticle with 47% reaction yield and 81% encapsulation efficiency was determined. In vitro % cumulative releases of rutin from optimum NP4 in two different concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg/mL) were examined. NP4 with 0.5 mg/mL concentration reached 100% release on the 5th day (120 h). Optimum rutin-loaded nanoparticles are expected to be a suitable candidate for further multidisciplinary studies.

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Peptides have been studied as an important class of components in medicine to control many major diseases with vaccination. Polymers as adjuvants are capable of enhancing the vaccine potential against various diseases by improving the delivery of antigens, and they reduce the booster doses of vaccines. In brief, polymers are promising candidates for peptide-based vaccine delivery platforms. The purpose of the present study was to create a possible alternative approach in the treatment of malignant melanoma and/or to prevent metastasis of melanoma. The study was designed as both an experimental and an in vivo study. We prepared a complex and covalent conjugate of MAGE-3 121–134 (L-L-K-Y-R-A-R-E-P-V-T-K-A-E) T-cell epitope as a vaccine candidate for melanoma. These conjugates were able to generate an immune response in mice after a single immunization, without the help of any external adjuvant. The peptide-polymer complexes activated the immune system in the best way and formed the highest antigen specific immune response. These results indicate the adjuvant activity of Poly(N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid) [P(VP-co-AA)] and the potential use of P(VP-coAA)-peptide based vaccine prototypes for future melanoma cancer vaccine formulations.

Bazı bitkiler ile özellikle turunçgiller gibi meyvelerde ve kabuklarında bulunan bir flavonol glikozit olan Rutin molekülünün zayıf çözünürlüğü nedeniyle canlı sistemde biyoyararlanımı oldukça düĢüktür. Bu çalıĢmada, Rutin molekülünün biyoyararlanımı arttırmak için tekli emülsiyon solvent buharlaĢtırma (o/w), nano çöktürme ve tuz etkisi ile çöktürme gibi farklı yöntemler kullanılarak Rutin yüklü PLGA nanopartikülleri sentezlenmiĢtir. Bu nanopartiküller % enkapsülasyon etkinliği, ortalama parçacık boyutu, çoklu dağılım indisi, Zeta potansiyel, Fourier dönüĢümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu analizleri ile karakterize edilmiĢtir. NP3 ve NP5'in in vitro ortamda Rutin salımı incelenmiĢtir. NP5'den % Rutin salımı 48 saatte %41 oranına ulaĢmıĢtır. Yapılan bu çalıĢmada sentezlenen Rutin-yüklü nanopartiküllerin, ileride nanotıp alanında geliĢmiĢ ve çok yönlü çalıĢmalar için uygun bir aday olması hedeflenmektedir.

Several polymers are used for the preparation of biomaterials as membranes and films for tissue engineering applications. The most common plasticizer is PEG to obtain polymer-based biomaterials. On the other hand, triacetin is a non-toxic, FDA-approved plasticizer mostly used in the food industry. In this study, we used triacetin as a plasticizer to obtain hydrophobic membranes for the prevention of intra-abdominal adhesion. We selected a well-known polymer named PHBHHx which is a bacterial polyester generally used as supporting material for cell attachments in regenerative tissue applications. We evaluated the triacetin as a plasticizer and its effect on mechanical, thermal, surface area, pore size, and surface energy. The hydrophobic/hydrophilic contrast of a biomaterial surface determines the biological response. Surface hydrophobicity is critical for the cellular response. The contact angle tests of PHBHHx revealed that the hydrophilicity of the membrane was decreased following triacetin blending. Modification of the PHBHHx membrane by blending with triacetin caused a significant decrease in cell adhesion. The cell attachment rates of PHBHHx membranes were as 95 ± 5% on the first day, 34.5 ± 0.9% on third day, and 23 ± 1.5% on the fifth day, respectively. The rates of cell attachments on PHBHHx/triacetin membranes were determined as 79 ± 2.5% for the first day, 33 ± 2.7% for the third day, and 13 ± 2.1% for the fifth day, respectively. Besides, triacetin blending decreased the surface area from 38.790 to 32.379 m2/g. The elongation at breaks was observed as 128% for PHBHHx and 171% for PHBHHx/triacetin. Graphical abstract [Formula: see text]