A System Theoretical Approach to Situation Awareness, A Holistic View of Purposeful Elements

Abstract

A System Theoretical Approach to Situation Awareness -A holistic view of purposeful elementsExamensrapport inlämnad av Charlie Lagervik till Högskolan i Skövde, för Kandidatexamen (B.Sc.) vid Institutionen för kommunikation och information. 2005-06-07Härmed intygas att allt material i denna rapport, vilket inte är mitt eget, har blivit tydligt identifierat och att inget material är inkluderat som tidigare använts för erhållande av annan examen. AbstractFrom the theories of Ackoff about system theory and how the management of an organization should perform, the concept of situation awareness is discussed. A short history of the situation awareness concept is given in the light of aviation and human cognition. Motives are given why it is of interest to explore the concept of SA. The Russian Theory of Activity (Activity Theory) is presented with the focus on the orientational activity to give the background for a comparison against the adaptivelearning management system as presented by Ackoff. As result a definition of SA is presented, the result of the comparison of theories is presented, discussed and summarized in a conceptual design and future research is presented.

Operations Intent and Effects Model

“…The difficulty here, of course, is that natural language messages are very difficult to disambiguate, particularly when relaying those messages for automated (machine) interpretation. 3,45,[49][50][51] .…”

“…The model captures the relations and causality amongst information elements rooted in decision making (DM) by using a system theory. [1][2][3][4] The very basis for the OIEM is that systems, e.g. individuals, organiza tions, and machines, are goal oriented.…”

“…individuals, organiza tions, and machines, are goal oriented. [1][2][3] When surveying DM theory and the field of Normative, Descriptive, and Prescrip tive DM models and process, [5][6][7][8] they all can be generalized to be goal oriented in that there is something that needs to be achieved. In order to make a decision that leads towards the goal, information is needed about the current situation, and if no such information is present a search for information is con ducted.…”

A Common Operational Picture in Support of Situational Awareness for Efficient Emergency Response Operations

“…Most of them converge that SA is about "knowing what is going on" [20]. According to Gilson [79] the concept of SA has been identified during the World War I by Oswald Boelke who understood "the importance of gaining an awareness of the enemy before the enemy gained a similar awareness, and devised methods for accomplishing this" [80,81]. In technical and academic literature, the area did not receive much attention until the late 1980s, but thereafter diligent work has been done [81].…”

Driving automation interface design : supporting drivers' changing role

“…The differences between definitions come with variety between underlying psychological models to describe the phenomenon. Afore stated definition by Endsley is based on a model for information processing, where others like Bedney and Meister (in: Lagervik and Gustavsson (2006)) use an activity theory model and therewith refer more to the product (result) of SA. Besides the fact that Endsley's definition is most widely adopted (Charlton, 2002;Salmon et al, 2009), there is another reason to use Endsley's definition within the scope of this thesis: Its underlying model to reveal the cognitive knowledge and understanding necessary for driving performance, provides us with more useful information than only looking at the result.…”