A system for operational aerosol optical depth data assimilation over global oceans

Zhang, Jianglong; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Baker, Nancy L.; Hyer, E. J.

doi:10.1029/2007jd009065

Cited by 251 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In particular, studies have shown notable improvements in aerosol forecasting through the assimilation of satellite aerosol products, mostly from daytime observations (e.g., Zhang et al, 2008aZhang et al, , 2011Zhang et al, , 2014Yumimoto et al, 2008;Uno et al, 2008;Benedetti et al, 2009;Schutgens et al, 2010;Sekiyama et al, 2010). To capture the diurnal cycle, the aerosol modeling community requires nighttime satellite aerosol data hav-ing broad spatial coverage and high temporal resolution to further advance aerosol, visibility, and air quality forecasts (e.g., Zhang et al, 2011Zhang et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method for retrieving nighttime aerosol optical thickness from the VIIRS Day/Night Band

McHardy

Zhang

Reid³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) data, a method, dubbed the "variance method", is developed for retrieving nighttime aerosol optical thickness (τ ) values through the examination of the dispersion of radiance values above an artificial light source. Based on the improvement of a previous algorithm, this updated method derives a semi-quantitative indicator of nighttime τ using artificial light sources. Nighttime τ retrievals from the newly developed method are inter-compared with an interpolated value from late afternoon and early morning ground observations from four AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites as well as column-integrated τ from one High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) site at Huntsville, AL, during the NASA Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC 4 RS) campaign, providing full diel coverage. Sensitivity studies are performed to examine the effects of lunar illumination on VI-IRS τ retrievals made via the variance method, revealing that lunar contamination may have a smaller impact than previously thought; however, the small sample size of this study limits the conclusiveness thus far. VIIRS τ retrievals yield a coefficient of determination (r 2 ) of 0.60 and a root-meansquared error (RMSE) of 0.18 when compared against straddling daytime-averaged AERONET τ values. Preliminary results suggest that artificial light sources can be used for estimating regional and global nighttime aerosol distributions in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method for retrieving nighttime aerosol optical thickness from the VIIRS Day/Night Band

McHardy

Zhang

Reid³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many successful applications of these data to global-and regional-scale questions are already presented in the literature. They range from assessing zonal mean or global aerosol short-wave forcing [37][38][39][40][41][42] and regional long-wave forcing [43], to improving aerosol forecasting through data assimilation [44,45], monitoring dust and pollution plume evolution [46,47] and air quality [48,49], mapping aerosol air mass type evolution [50], and validating aerosol transport model AOD simulations [51,52]. In each case, ways of exploiting the strengths of the MISR and MODIS data have been found, and in many cases, independent validation was performed specific to the application.…”

Section: Application Of Misr and Modis Aerosol Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to “Toward unified satellite climatology of aerosol properties. 3. MODIS versus MISR versus AERONET”

Kahn

Garay

Nelson

et al. 2011

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

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A recent paper by Mishchenko et al. compares near-coincident MISR, MODIS, and AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) products, and reports much poorer agreement than that obtained by the instrument teams and others. We trace the reasons for the discrepancies primarily to differences in (1) the treatment of outliers, (2) the application of absolute vs. relative criteria for testing agreement, and (3) the ways in which seasonally varying spatial distributions of coincident retrievals are taken into account.

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“…Although the median wind speed of the ESOA region is under 10 m s −1 , the wind speeds can exceed 12 m s −1 in more than 10 % of cases. Thus, the subsurface ocean bubble effects may need to be considered for applications that use instantaneous MODIS DT retrievals, such as operational aerosol data assimilation (Zhang et al, 2008(Zhang et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Applying Ocean Bubble Correction To the Esoamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that sea salt aerosol production, specular reflection (sun glint), and whitecapping all covary with wind speed, AOD retrievals are a potentially confounded system. Some Level 3 products (e.g., Zhang and Reid, 2008;Shi et al, 2011a) include an empirical correction for wind-speedrelated bias to retrieved AOD. Some Level 2 satellite retrievals (e.g., Sayer et al, 2010Sayer et al, , 2012Jackson et al, 2013;Levy et al, 2013;Limbacher and Kahn, 2014) also incorporate wind speed data into the radiative transfer calculations using parameterizations of wind effects on whitecaps and bubble rafts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical study of the effect of subsurface oceanic bubbles on the enhanced aerosol optical depth band over the southern oceans as detected from MODIS and MISR

Christensen

Zhang

Reid³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Submerged oceanic bubbles, which have a much longer life span than whitecaps or bubble rafts, have been hypothesized to increase the water-leaving radiance and thus affect satellite-based estimates of water-leaving radiance to non-trivial levels. This study explores this effect further to determine whether such bubbles are of sufficient magnitude to impact satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals through perturbation of the lower boundary conditions. There has been significant discussion in the community regarding the high positive biases in retrieved AODs in many remote ocean regions. In this study, for the first time, the effects of oceanic bubbles on satellite retrievals of AOD are studied by using a linked Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) atmospheric and HydroLight oceanic radiative transfer models. The results suggest an insignificant impact on AOD retrievals in regions with near-surface wind speeds of less than 12 m s −1 . However, the impact of bubbles on aerosol retrievals could be on the order of 0.02-0.04 for higher wind conditions within the scope of our simulations (e.g., winds < 20 m s −1 ). This bias is propagated to global scales using 1 year of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer EOS (AMSR-E) data to investigate the possible impacts of oceanic bubbles on an enhanced AOD belt observed over the high-latitude southern oceans (also called the enhanced southern oceans anomaly, or ESOA) by some passive satellite sensors. Ultimately, this study is supportive of the null hypothesis: submerged bubbles are not the major contributor to the ESOA feature. This said, as retrievals progress to higher and higher resolutions, such as from airborne platforms, the uniform bubble correction in clean marine conditions should probably be separately accounted for against individual bright whitecaps and bubble rafts.

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A system for operational aerosol optical depth data assimilation over global oceans

Cited by 251 publications

References 54 publications

An improved method for retrieving nighttime aerosol optical thickness from the VIIRS Day/Night Band

An improved method for retrieving nighttime aerosol optical thickness from the VIIRS Day/Night Band

Response to “Toward unified satellite climatology of aerosol properties. 3. MODIS versus MISR versus AERONET”

A theoretical study of the effect of subsurface oceanic bubbles on the enhanced aerosol optical depth band over the southern oceans as detected from MODIS and MISR

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